Zviumbwa zvewaya uye zvigadzirwa zvetambo zvinogona kupatsanurwa kuita zvikamu zvina zvakakosha: conductors, insulation layers, shielding layers uye sheaths, pamwe nekuzadza zvinhu uye tensile elements, etc. Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa uye mamiriro ekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine zvimiro zvakapfava zvakanyanya, zvine chinhu chimwe chete chechimiro, senge tambo, waya, waya, waya mhangura-aluminium busbars (mabhasi), etc. Kuvhara kwemagetsi ekunze kwezvigadzirwa izvi kunosimbiswa nekushandisa insulators uye nzvimbo yepakati panguva yekuisa uye kuisa (kureva, kuburikidza nekushandisa mhepo).
Iyo yakawanda yakawanda yewaya uye tambo zvigadzirwa zvine chaizvo zvakafanana muchinjiko-chikamu chimiro (kuregeredza zvikanganiso zvekugadzira) uye zviri muchimiro chemitsetse marefu. Izvi zvinotemerwa nechimiro chavanoshandiswa kugadzira maseketi kana makoiri mumasystem kana midziyo. Naizvozvo, kana uchidzidza uye uchiongorora dhizaini yezvigadzirwa zvetambo, zvinongodiwa chete kutarisa uye kuongorora kubva kune yavo michinjikwa-chikamu.
Izvi zvinotevera kuongororwa kwakadzama kweiyo tambo chimiro kuumbwa uye tambo zvinhu:
1. Cable chimiro kuumbwa: Conductor
Waya ndiwo akanyanya kukosha uye akakosha zvinhu zvakakosha kuti zvigadzirwa zviite basa rekufambisa ikozvino kana electromagnetic wave ruzivo. Waya ndiyo chidimbu che conductive core.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinosanganisirwa mumatambo conductor? Zvishandiso zvemaconductor zvinowanzo gadzirwa neasiri-ferrous simbi ane yakanakisa magetsi conductivity semhangura nealuminium. Tambo dzemaziso dzinoshandiswa mumasokisi ekukurukurirana kwemaziso ayo akakura nekukurumidza mumakore makumi matatu apfuura kana kuti anoshandisa optical fibers semaconductors.
2. Cable structure kuumbwa: Insulation layer
Iyo insulating layer inhengo inovhara periphery yewaya uye inoshanda semagetsi insulator. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti mafungu emagetsi emagetsi anofambiswa, masaisai emwenje anongofamba newaya uye haayerere kunze. Izvo zvinogoneka pane conductor (kureva, mutsauko unogona kuumbwa kune zvinhu zvakapoteredza, kureva, voltage) inogona kuparadzaniswa. Ndiko kuti, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi ese ari maviri akajairika kutapurirana basa rewaya uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu zvekunze nevanhu. Waya uye zvidimbu zvekudzivirira ndizvo zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zvinofanirwa kunge zviripo kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvetambo (kunze kwewaya dzisina chinhu).
Chii chinonzi Cable Insulation materials Zvishandiso zvepolymer ndizvo zvakanyanya, zvichipa kune akasiyana siyana ewaya uye tambo zvigadzirwa zvakakodzera kushandiswa kwakasiyana uye zvinodiwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvishandiso zvakajairika zvekudzivirira waya uye tambo zvinosanganisira polyvinyl chloride (PVC),cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), fluoroplastics, rubber compounds, ethylene propylene rubber compounds, uye silicone rabha insulation zvinhu.
3. Cable chimiro kuumbwa: Sheath
Kana waya uye zvigadzirwa zvetambo zvakaiswa uye kushanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, panofanira kunge paine zvinhu zvinodzivirira chigadzirwa chose, kunyanya iyo insulation layer. Uyu ndiwo sheath. Nekuti insulating zvinhu zvinodikanwa kuve neakanakisa magetsi ekudzivirira zvivakwa zvemarudzi ese, zvinodikanwa kuti zvinoda zvakanyanya kuchena kuchena uye kuderera kwakanyanya kwehutsvina hwezvinhu. Kazhinji, hazvibviri kufunga nezvesimba rayo rekudzivirira kune kunze kwenyika. Naizvozvo, zvimiro zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudzivirira zvinofanirwa kuve zvine chekuita nekumira kana kuramba akasiyana emagetsi masimba kubva kunze (kureva, kuisirwa, nzvimbo yekushandisa uye panguva yekushandiswa), kupikisa nharaunda yemhepo, kuramba makemikari kana oiri, kudzivirira kukuvadzwa kwebiological, uye kuderedzwa kwengozi dzemoto. Iwo makuru mabasa etambo sheath kudzivirira mvura, kudzoreredza murazvo, kudzivirira moto uye kudzivirira ngura. Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvetambo zvakagadzirirwa zvakanaka zvekunze nharaunda (sekuchena, yakaoma, uye yemukati nharaunda isina ma mechanika ekunze masimba), kana izvo zvine zvekudzivirira zvemukati zvine simba remechanicha uye kuramba kwemamiriro ekunze, zvinogona kuita pasina chikamu chekudzivirira.
Ndeapi marudzi etambo sheath zvinhu aripo? Iyo huru cable sheath zvinhu zvinosanganisira rubber, plastiki, coating, silicone, uye zvakasiyana-siyana fiber zvigadzirwa, nezvimwewo. Nekudaro, sezvo zvese zverabha uye zvepurasitiki zvinhu zvine imwe dhigirii yekupinda kwemvura, zvinokwanisa kushandiswa chete kana yakakwira polymer zvinhu zvine hunyoro hwekupikisa zvakashandiswa sekuvhara tambo. Ipapo vamwe vashandisi vangabvunza kuti nei plastiki ichishandiswa seyadziviriro mumusika? Kuenzaniswa nehunhu hwemapurasitiki sheaths, rubber sheaths ane yakakwira elasticity uye kuchinjika, inopokana nekuchembera, asi maitiro avo ekugadzira akanyanya kuoma. Plastic sheaths ane zvirinani zvemuchina uye kuramba mvura, uye akawandisa muzviwanikwa, akaderera mumutengo uye nyore kugadzirisa. Nokudaro, dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumusika. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa neveindasitiri vezera kuti kune imwe mhando yesimbi sheath. Metal sheaths haingove ne mechanical kuchengetedza mabasa asiwo basa rekudzivirira rataurwa pazasi. Ivo zvakare vane zvivakwa zvakaita se corrosion resistance, compressive uye tensile simba, uye kudzivirira mvura, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira hunyoro nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza kupinda mukati meiyo tambo yekuvharisa. Naizvozvo, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya semasheti emafuta-akaiswa pepa insulated tambo dzemagetsi ane hunyoro hunodzivirira.
4. Cable structure inoumbwa: Shielding layer
Iyo shielding layer ndiyo yakakosha muzvigadzirwa zvetambo yekuwana electromagnetic field yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. Haikwanise kudzivirira masaini emukati emagetsi kubva pakubuda kunze uye kukanganisa zviridzwa zvekunze, mamita kana mamwe mitsara, asi zvakare kudzivirira ekunze mafungu emagetsi kuti asapinde mutambo system kuburikidza nekubatanidza. Zvimiro, iyo shielding layer haingogadzirwe kunze kwetambo chete asi iripo pakati pemaviri kana mapoka ewaya mune akawanda-core tambo, achigadzira akawanda-level "electromagnetic isolation screens". Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuwedzera kuri kuita tambo dzepamusoro-frequency kutaurirana tambo uye anti-kupindira, zvinhu zvekudzivirira zvakashanduka kubva kune echinyakare metallized bepa uye semiconductor mapepa matepi kune zvimwe zvemberi zvakaumbwa zvinhu senge.aluminium foil mylar matepi, matepi emhangura emhangura, uye matepi emhangura. Zvimiro zvekudzivirira zvakajairwa zvinosanganisira mukati mekudzivirira maseru akagadzirwa neanoita mapolymers kana semiconductive matepi, pamwe nekunze ekudzivirira maseru akadai semhangura tepi yekuputira longitudinal uye yakarukwa mesh yemhangura. Pakati pazvo, iyo yakarukwa layer inonyanya kushandisa tin-plated mhangura kuti iwedzere kusaita ngura. Kune akakosha maficha ekushandisa, akadai seachinja-frequency tambo dzinoshandisa tepi yemhangura + waya yemhangura inoumba shielding, tambo dzedhata dzinoshandisa aluminium foil longitudinal kuputira + streamline dhizaini, uye tambo dzekurapa dzinoda kuvharika kwakakwirira-kwakapfachukira sirivheri-yakapfekwa machira akarukwa. Nekuuya kwe5G era, iyo hybrid shielding chimiro chealuminium-plastic composite tepi uye tin-plated copper waya weaving yava mhinduro huru yetambo dzepamusoro-frequency. Indasitiri tsika inoratidza kuti shielding layer yakashanduka kubva kune yekuwedzera chimiro kuenda kune yakazvimirira yepakati chikamu chetambo. Sarudzo yezvishandiso zvayo inoda kunyatso funga nezve frequency maitiro, kubhenda kuita uye mutengo zvinhu kuti zvisangane ne electromagnetic kuenderana zvinodiwa zveakasiyana mashandisirwo mamiriro.
5. Cable structure yakagadzirwa: Yakazadzwa chimiro
Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvewaya netambo zvine multi-core. Semuyenzaniso, tambo zhinji dzakaderera-voltage tambo dzechina-core kana shanu-core (yakakodzera matatu-phase masisitimu), uye tambo dzenhare dzemudhorobha dzinouya mu800 pairs, 1200 pairs, 2400 pairs kusvika 3600 pairs. Mushure meiyi insulated waya cores kana mapeya ari cabled (kana cabled mumapoka kakawanda), pane matambudziko maviri: mumwe kuti chimiro haana kutenderera, uye imwe ndechokuti pane mikaha yakakura pakati insulated waya cores. Nokudaro, chimiro chekuzadza chinofanira kuwedzerwa panguva ye cabling. Chimiro chekuzadza ndechekuita iyo dhayamita yekunze yekabheti yakaenzana kutenderera, iyo inokodzera kuputira uye extrusion ye sheath, uye zvakare kuita kuti tambo yetambo igadzikane uye mukati yakasimba. Panguva yekushandiswa (kana kutambanudza, kudzvinyirira uye kupfugama panguva yekugadzira nekuisa), simba rinoshandiswa zvakaenzana pasina kukuvadza chimiro chemukati chetambo. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe chimiro chekuzadza chiri chiyamuro chimiro, chinodiwa zvakare, uye kune yakadzama mirau pakusarudzwa kwayo kwezvinhu uye chimiro chechimiro.
Cable yekuzadza zvinhu: Kazhinji, mafirita etambo anosanganisira polypropylene tepi, isina-yakarukwa tambo yePP, tambo yehemp, kana zvisingadhure zvinhu zvakagadzirwa kubva kune yakadzokororwa rabha. Kuti ishandiswe sechinhu chekuzadza tambo, inofanirwa kuve nehunhu hwekusakonzeresa mhedzisiro pane insulated cable core, isiri hygroscopic yega, isingaite shrinkage uye kwete corroding.
6. Cable chimiro kuumbwa: Tensile zvinhu
Chinyakare waya uye zvigadzirwa zvetambo zvinotsamira pane nhumbi dzekurwa dzesheath kuti dzimire kunze kwesimba remagetsi kana masimba ekusimba anokonzerwa nehuremu hwazvo. Zvimiro zvakajairika isimbi tepi yekudzivirira uye simbi waya yekudzivirira (semuenzaniso, kune tambo dzepasi pemvura, waya dzakakora dzesimbi dzine dhayamita 8mm dzinoshandiswa uye dzakamonyoroka kuti dzigadzire danda rezvombo). Nekudaro, kuitira kuchengetedza mafiber optical kubva kune madiki emagetsi masimba uye kudzivirira kushoma deformation yefibers izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kutapurirana mashandiro, iyo optical fiber tambo dhizaini inoshongedzerwa yekutanga uye yechipiri cladding pamwe neakazvitsaurira tensile simba zvikamu. Pamusoro pezvo, kana tambo yehedhifoni yenhare mbozha ikatora chimiro apo tambo yemhangura yakatsetseka kana tepi yakatetepa yemhangura yakatenderedzwa yakatenderedza synthetic fiber filaments uye insulating layer inoburitswa kunze, iyi synthetic fiber filament ndiyo inobata chinhu. Mukupedzisa, mune zvakakosha, zvidiki uye zvinochinjika zvigadzirwa zvakagadziridzwa mumakore achangopfuura zvinoda kupeta uye kumonyorora mashandisiro, zvinhu zvinorema zvinoita basa rakakura.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinosanganisirwa zvetambo tensile zvikamu: simbi mitsetse, waya dzesimbi, uye Stainless simbi foils
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-25-2025