Maitiro Ekuvhara Waya Netambo: Gwaro Rakazara Rematekiniki Nematekinoroji

Waya netambo, dzinoshanda senzira huru yekufambisa magetsi nekutaurirana kwemashoko, dzine mashandiro anoenderana zvakananga nemaitiro ekudzivirira kupisa nekuvhara sheathing. Nekusiyana kwezvinodiwa zveindasitiri yemazuva ano zvekushanda kwetambo, maitiro mana makuru - extrusion, longitudinal wrapping, helical wrapping, uye dip coating - zvinoratidza zvakanakira zvakasiyana mumamiriro akasiyana. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa kusarudzwa kwezvinhu, kufamba kwemaitiro, uye mamiriro ekushandiswa kwemaitiro ega ega, zvichipa hwaro hwedzidziso yekugadzira nekusarudza tambo.

1 Maitiro eKuburitsa

1.1 Masisitimu Ezvinhu

Maitiro ekubvisa zvinhu anoshandisa zvinhu zve thermoplastic kana thermosetting polymer:

① Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Yakachipa, iri nyore kugadzira, yakakodzera tambo dzemazuva ano dzine voltage shoma (semuenzaniso, tambo dze UL 1061 dzakajairwa), asi dzisina kupisa zvakanyanya (tembiricha inoshandiswa kwenguva refu ≤70°C).
②Polyethylene Yakabatana Nemuchinjikwa (XLPE): Kuburikidza ne peroxide kana irradiation cross-linking, chiyero chekupisa chinokwira kusvika 90°C (IEC 60502 standard), chinoshandiswa patambo dzemagetsi dzepakati nepamusoro.
③ Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU): Kudzivirira kweAbrasion kunosangana neISO 4649 Standard Grade A, inoshandiswa patambo dzemarobhoti.
④ Fluoroplastics (semuenzaniso, FEP): Kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya (200°C) uye ngura yemakemikari, zvichisangana nezvinodiwa netambo yemuchadenga yeMIL-W-22759.

1.2 Hunhu hweMaitiro

Inoshandisa sikuruu inoburitsa zvinhu kuti irambe ichiputirwa:

① Kudzora Tembiricha: XLPE inoda kudzora tembiricha yezvikamu zvitatu (nzvimbo yekudyisa 120°C → nzvimbo yekudzvanya 150°C → nzvimbo yehomogenizing 180°C).
② Kudzora Ukobvu: Kuenzana kwechinhu kunofanira kuva ≤5% (sezvakataurwa muGB/T 2951.11).
③ Nzira yekutonhodza: ​​Kutonhodza kwegiraidi mugomba remvura kudzivirira kupwanyika kwekristaro.

1.3 Maitiro Ekushandisa

① Kutumira Simba: Tambo dzakadzivirirwa neXLPE dzine simba re35 kV uye pasi padzo (GB/T 12706).
② Mawaya emota: Kudzivirira PVC pamadziro matete (ISO 6722 ine ukobvu hwe0.13 mm).
③ Matambo Akakosha: Matambo ePTFE akaputirwa nemhepo (ASTM D3307).

2 Maitiro Ekuputira Kwenguva Refu

2.1 Kusarudzwa Kwezvinhu

① Zvidimbu zveSimbi: 0.15 mmtepi yesimbi yakarukwa(zvinodiwa zveGB/T 2952), tepi yearuminiyamu yakaputirwa nepurasitiki (Al/PET/Al structure).
② Zvinhu zvinovhara mvura: Tepi inovhara mvura inonamira inopisa (inozvimba ≥500%).
③ Zvinhu Zvekushongedza: Waya yekubatanidza yealuminium yeER5356 yekubatanidza argon arc (AWS A5.10 standard).

2.2 Matekinoroji Akakosha

Maitiro ekuputira kwenguva refu anosanganisira matanho matatu makuru:

① Kugadzira zvidimbu: Kukombamisa zvidimbu zvakati sandara kuita U-shape → O-shape kuburikidza nekumonereka kwezvikamu zvakawanda.
② Kuwedera Kunoenderera Mberi: Kuwedera kweinduction kwakakwira (frequency 400 kHz, kumhanya 20 m/min).
③ Kuongorora Paindaneti: Chinoedza spark (voltage yekuedza 9 kV/mm).

2.3 Mashandisirwo Akajairika

① Tambo dzepasi pemvura: Chiputiro chesimbi chine mativi maviri (IEC 60840 simba remakanika rakajairika ≥400 N/mm²).
② Tambo dzeMigodhi: Corrugated aruminiyamu sheath (MT 818.14 compressive strength ≥20 MPa).
③ Tambo dzekutaurirana: Chidziviriro chekuputira cheAluminium-plastic chakagadzirwa nesimbi yakareba (kurasikirwa kwekutapurirana ≤0.1 dB/m @1GHz).

Maitiro matatu ekuputira helical

3.1 Kusanganiswa Kwezvinhu

① Mica Tape: Muscovite yakawanda ≥95% (GB/T 5019.6), tembiricha inodzivirira moto 1000°C/90 min.
② Tepi Inodzora Zvinhu Zvishoma: Kabhoni nhema 30%～40% (huremu hwekudzivirira 10²～10³ Ω·cm).
③ Matepi Akasanganiswa: Firimu rePolyester + jira risina kurukwa (ukobvu 0.05 mm ±0.005 mm).

3.2 Maitiro Ekugadzirisa

① Angle yekuputira: 25°～55° (angle diki inopa simba rekukotama riri nani).
② Kuenzana kweMatafura: 50% ～70% (Tambo dzisingatsvi dzinoda 100% dzinopindirana).
③ Kudzora Kushushikana: 0.5～2 N/mm² (kudzora kuvharwa kwemuchina weservo motor).

3.3 Mashandisirwo Atsva

① Tambo dzeSimba reNyukireya: Kuputira tepi yemica ine mativi matatu (kuyedzwa kweIEEE 383 standard LOCA kwakakodzera).
② Tambo dzeSuperconducting: Kuputira tepi inovhara mvura inofambisa mvura zvishoma nezvishoma (chiyero chekuchengetedza magetsi zvakanyanya ≥98%).
③ Matambo eHigh-frequency: PTFE film wrapping (dielectric constant 2.1 @1MHz).

Maitiro ekupfeka neDip Coating

4.1 Masisitimu Ekuputira

① Asphalt Coatings: Kupinda kwe60～80 (0.1 mm) @25°C (GB/T 4507).
② Polyurethane: Sisitimu ine zvikamu zviviri (NCO∶OH = 1.1∶1), kunamira ≥3B (ASTM D3359).
③ Nano-coatings: SiO₂ modified epoxy resin (kuyedzwa kwemunyu ne spray >1000 h).

4.2 Kuvandudzwa Kwemaitiro

① Kuisa muchina wevacuum: Kudzvanywa kwe 0.08 MPa kunochengetwa kwemaminitsi makumi matatu (muyero wekuzadza maburi >95%).
② Kurapa kweUV: Hurefu hwemafungu 365 nm, simba 800 mJ/cm².
③ Kuomesa kweGradient: 40°C × 2 awa → 80°C × 4 awa → 120°C × 1 awa.

4.3 Mashandisirwo Akakosha

① Madhairekita Epamusoro: Graphene-modified anti-corrosion coating (munyu wakadzikiswa ne70%).
② Tambo dzeShipboard: Kuvhara kwepolyurea kunozviporesa (nguva yekupora kwemutswe <24 h).
③ Matambo Akavigwa: Kuvhara kweSemiconducting (kudzivirira pasi ≤5 Ω·km).

5 Mhedziso

Nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvitsva nemidziyo ine hungwaru, maitiro ekufukidza ari kushanduka kuenda kukubatanidzwa uye digitalization. Semuenzaniso, tekinoroji yakabatana yekuputira extrusion-longitudinal inobvumira kugadzirwa kwakabatana kwe three-layer co-extrusion + aluminum sheath, uye 5G communication cables dzinoshandisa nano-coating + wrapping composite insulation. Kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro emangwana kunofanirwa kuwana chiyero chakakodzera pakati pekudzora mutengo uye kuvandudzwa kwekushanda, zvichitungamira kukura kwemhando yepamusoro kweindasitiri yetambo.