Chidziviriro chinoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvewaya netambo chine pfungwa mbiri dzakasiyana zvachose: chidziviriro chemagetsi uye chidziviriro chemagetsi. Chidziviriro chemagetsi chakagadzirirwa kudzivirira tambo dzinotumira masaini emagetsi ane frequency yakakwira (senge tambo dzeRF netambo dzemagetsi) kuti dzisakonzere kukanganiswa kwekunze kana kudzivirira mafungu emagetsi ekunze kuti asapindirane netambo dzinotumira magetsi asina simba (senge tambo dzechiratidzo kana dzekuyera), pamwe nekuderedza kutaurirana pakati petambo. Chidziviriro chemagetsi chakagadzirirwa kuenzana nesimba remagetsi pamusoro pechinofambisa kana pamusoro pechinodzivirira tambo dzemagetsi dzepakati nepamusoro.
1. Maumbirwo uye Zvinodiwa zveMagetsi Ekudzivirira Nzvimbo Dzemagetsi
Kudzivirira tambo dzemagetsi kunosanganisira kudzivirira tambo dzemagetsi, kudzivirira kuputira, uye kudzivirira simbi. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa, tambo dzine voltage yakarongwa inodarika 0.6/1kV dzinofanira kunge dziine simbi yakarongwa, iyo inogona kuiswa pamudzi wega wega wakadzivirirwa kana pamudzi wetambo wakarongwa une multi-core. Kune tambo dzakagadzirwa neXLPE dzine voltage yakarongwa kwete pasi pe3.6/6kV uye EPR tambo dzakatetepa dzine voltage yakarongwa kwete pasi pe3.6/6kV (kana tambo dzakatetepa dzine voltage yakarongwa kwete pasi pe6/10kV), zvivakwa zvekudzivirira zvemukati nekunze zvinofanirwawo.
(1) Kudzivirira uye Kudzivirira Kudzivirira Kwemuchina weKufambisa
Chidziviriro chemuchina wekufambisa (chidziviriro chemukati chemukati chekufambisa) hachifanirwe kunge chiri chesimbi, chine zvinhu zvinofambisa mhepo zvakaburitswa kana tepi inofambisa mhepo yakaputirwa muchina wekufambisa mhepo ichiteverwa nechikamu chinofambisa mhepo chakaburitswa.
Kudzivirira kupisa (kudzivirira kwekunze kwe semi-conductive shielding) isimbi isina simbi inoburitswa zvakananga pamusoro pekunze kwechinhu chimwe nechimwe chakadzivirirwa, chinogona kusungirirwa zvakasimba kana kubviswa kubva mukudzivirira kupisa. Zvikamu zvemukati nekunze zve semi-conductive zvinoburitswa zvinofanira kusungirirwa zvakasimba kune kudzivirira kupisa, zvine ma interface akatsetseka, pasina mavanga etambo akajeka, uye pasina mipendero yakapinza, zvidimbu, mavanga ekutsva, kana kukwenya. Kudzivirira kupisa kusati kwasvika uye mushure mekukwegura hakufanirwe kudarika 1000 Ω·m yesimbi inodzivirirwa ne conductor uye 500 Ω·m yesimbi inodzivirirwa.
Zvinhu zvekudzivirira zvemukati nekunze zvinogadzirwa nekusanganisa zvinhu zvekudzivirira zvinoenderana (zvakadai se cross-linked polyethylene, ethylene-propylene rabha, nezvimwewo) ne carbon black, antioxidants, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, nezvimwe zvinowedzera. Zvidimbu zve carbon black zvinofanira kupararira zvakaenzana mukati me polymer, pasina kuungana kana kupararira kusina kunaka.
Ukobvu hwezvikamu zvemukati nekunze zvinofambisa magetsi zvinowedzera nekuwedzera kwevoltage. Nekuti simba remagetsi pachikamu chekuisa magetsi rakakwirira mukati nekunze, ukobvu hwezvikamu zvemukati zvinofambisa magetsi zvinofambisa magetsi hunofanirawo kuva hwakakura mukati kupfuura kunze. Kare, chikamu chekunze chinofambisa magetsi chakagadzirwa chakakora zvishoma kupfuura chikamu chemukati kudzivirira kukwenya nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwekutonga kana kupwanywa kunokonzerwa nematepi emhangura akaomarara. Iye zvino, nekutarisa otomatiki kwemagetsi uye matepi emhangura akapfava akabatanidzwa, chikamu chemukati chinofambisa magetsi chinofanira kuitwa chakakora zvishoma kana kuti chakaenzana nechikamu chekunze. Kune tambo dze 6–10–35 kV, ukobvu hwechikamu chemukati hunowanzova 0.5–0.6–0.8 mm.
(2) Kudzivirira Simbi
Tambo dzine voltage inodarika 0.6/1kV dzinofanira kunge dziine simbi inodzivira. Simba resimbi rinodzivira rinofanira kuiswa pamudzi wega wega kana tambo inodzivira. Simba resimbi rinofanira kunge riine tepi imwe chete kana kupfuura dzesimbi, simbi dzakarukwa, tambo dzakanyatsobatanidzwa dzesimbi, kana musanganiswa wetambo dzesimbi nematepi esimbi.
MuEurope nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemasystem eresistive-grounded double-circuit ane macurrents mapfupi edunhu akakwira, copper wire shielding ndiyo inowanzo shandiswa. Vamwe vagadziri vanoisa waya dzemhangura mu separation sheath kana outer sheath kuderedza dhayamita yetambo. MuChina, kunze kwemamwe mapurojekiti makuru anoshandisa resistance-grounded double-circuit systems, masystem mazhinji anoshandisa arc-suppression coil-grounded single-circuit power supplies, izvo zvinoderedza short-circuit current kusvika padiki, saka copper tape shielding inogona kushandiswa. Mafekitori ecable anogadzira matepi emhangura akaoma akatengwa nekucheka nekubatanidza kuti awane kurebesa uye simba rekusunga (zvakanyanya kuoma zvinokwenya insulation shielding layer, zvakapfava zvichakwinya) vasati vashandisa. Matepi emhangura akapfava anofanirwa kutevedzera GB/T11091-2005 Copper Tape yeCables.
Kudzivirira tepi yemhangura kunofanira kunge kune jira rimwe chete retepi yemhangura yakapfava yakaputirwa kana zvidimbu zviviri zvetepi yemhangura yakapfava yakaputirwa nehelical ine mipata. Avhareji yehuwandu hwetepi yemhangura inofanira kunge iri 15% yehupamhi hwayo (nhamba yemazita), uye huwandu hwehuwandu hunofanirwa kunge husiri pasi pe5%. Ukobvu hwetepi yemhangura hunofanira kunge huri pasi pe0.12 mm yetambo dzesimbi imwe chete uye hunosvika 0.10 mm yetambo dzesimbi dzakawanda. Ukobvu hwetepi yemhangura hunofanirwa kunge husiri pasi pe90% yehuwandu hwezita. Zvichienderana nedhayamita yekunze yekudzivirira kuputira (≤25 mm kana >25 mm), upamhi hwetepi yemhangura hunowanzova 30–35 mm.
Kudzivirira waya dzemhangura kunogadzirwa newaya dzemhangura dzakapfava dzakaputirwa nesimbi, dzakabatanidzwa netambo dzemhangura kana matepi emhangura. Kudzivirira kwayo kunofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa neGB/T3956-2008 Conductors of Cables, uye nzvimbo yayo inofanira kutariswa zvichienderana nekukwanisa kwayo kupinza magetsi. Kudzivirira waya dzemhangura kunogona kuiswa pamusoro pesimbi yemukati yetambo dzepakati nhatu kana zvakananga pamusoro pechinhu chinodziisa, simbi yekunze ine semi-conductive shielding layer, kana simbi yemukati yakakodzera yetambo dzepakati imwe chete. Avhareji yemugero uri pakati pewaya dzemhangura dziri pedyo haifanirwe kudarika 4 mm. Avhareji yemugero G inoverengerwa uchishandisa fomura:
kupi:
D - dhayamita yepakati petambo pasi pechidzitiro chewaya yemhangura, mu mm;
d - dhayamita yewaya yemhangura, mu mm;
n – huwandu hwewaya dzemhangura.
2. Basa reZvidziviriro uye Hukama Hwazvo neMatanho eVoltage
(1) Basa rekudzivirira kwemukati nekunze kwechikamu chepakati
Maconductor etambo anowanzo batanidzwa kubva pawaya dzakawanda dzakavharirwa. Panguva yekubuda kweinsulation, maburi, maburi, nezvimwe zvisina kunaka pamusoro zvinogona kuvapo pakati pepamusoro peconductor neinsulation layer, zvichikonzera kuwanda kwemagetsi, zvichikonzera kubuda kwemhepo munzvimbo iyoyo uye kubuda kwemiti, uye kuderedza mashandiro e dielectric. Nekuburitsa layer yezvinhu zvinofambisa mhepo zvishoma (conductor shielding) pamusoro peconductor pamusoro, zvinoita kuti pave nekubatana kwakasimba neinsulation. Nekuti semi-conductive layer neconductor zvine simba rimwe chete, kunyangwe paine maburi pakati pazvo, hapana electric field action, nokudaro zvichidzivirira kuburitswa kwemvura zvishoma.
Saizvozvowo, pane mipata pakati penzvimbo yekuputira yekunze nesimbi yesimbi (kana kuti simbi yekudzivirira), uye kana voltage yakakwira, mukana wekuti mhepo ibude mugomba wakanyanya. Nekuburitsa semi-conductive layer (insulation shielding) pamusoro penzvimbo yekuputira yekunze, nzvimbo yekuputira yekunze inoumbwa nesimbi yesimbi, ichibvisa magetsi mumipata uye ichidzivirira kubuda kwemvura zvishoma.
(2) Basa rekudzivirira simbi
Mabasa ekudzivirira simbi anosanganisira: kutakura capacitive current mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, kushanda senzira ye short-circuit current panguva yezvikanganiso; kuvharira simba remagetsi mukati me insulation (kuderedza kupindirana kwemagetsi ekunze) uye kuona kuti simba remagetsi re radial rakaenzana; kushanda semutsetse usina kusimba muhurongwa hwemawaya mana hwemaphase matatu kuti hutakure simba remagetsi risina kuenzana; uye kupa dziviriro ye radial water-blocking.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-28-2025