Kudzivirira kunoshandiswa muwaya uye tambo zvigadzirwa zvine maviri akasiyana pfungwa: electromagnetic shielding uye yemagetsi munda shielding. Electromagnetic shielding yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira tambo dzinotumira masaini akakwira-frequency (senge tambo dzeRF uye tambo dzemagetsi) kubva pakukonzeresa kupindira kwekunze kana kuvharira ekunze mafungu emagetsi kubva pakukanganisa tambo dzinofambisa dzisina kusimba (senge chiratidzo kana kuyerwa tambo), pamwe nekudzikisa crosstalk pakati pewaya. Electric field shielding yakagadzirirwa kudzikamisa nzvimbo yemagetsi yakasimba pane conductor surface kana nzvimbo yekudzivirira yepakati-uye high-voltage simba cables.
1. Chimiro uye Zvinodiwa zveMagetsi Field Shielding Layers
Kudzivirira kwetambo dzemagetsi kunosanganisira conductor shielding, insulation shielding, uye metallic shielding. Zvinoenderana nemayero akakodzera, tambo dzine yakayerwa voltage yakakura kupfuura 0.6/1kV dzinofanirwa kunge dziine simbi yekudzivirira, iyo inogona kuiswa kune yega yega insulated core kana kune yakawanda-core stranded cable core. Kune XLPE-insulated tambo dzine rated voltage isiri pasi pe3.6/6kV uye EPR tambo dzakatetepa-insulated dzine voltage yakayerwa isingasviki 3.6/6kV (kana makobvu-insulated tambo dzine rated voltage isingasviki 6/10kV), mukati nekunze semi-conductive shielding zvimiro zvinodiwawo.
(1) Conductor Shielding uye Insulation Shielding
Conductor shielding (inner semi-conductive shielding) inofanira kunge isiri-metallic, inosanganisira extruded semi-conductive material kana semi-conductive tepi yakaputirwa kumativi kondakita inoteverwa ne extruded semi-conductive layer.
Insulation shielding (yekunze semi-conductive shielding) isiri-metallic semi-conductive layer yakasimudzwa yakananga pamusoro pekunze kweiyo imwe insulated core, inogona kunge yakasungirirwa zvakasimba kana kusvuuka kubva pakuvharirwa. Iwo akawedzeredzwa emukati uye ekunze semi-conductive akaturikidzana anofanirwa kusungirirwa zvakasimba kune yekuvharisa, iine nzvimbo dzakatsetseka, pasina tambo mamaki akajeka, uye isina mipendero yakapinza, zvimedu, mavanga ekupisa, kana makwara. Iyo resistivity isati yasvika uye mushure mekuchembera haifanirwe kudarika 1000 Ω · m ye conductor shielding layer uye 500 Ω · m yekuvharisa shielding layer.
Iyo yemukati uye yekunze semi-conductive shielding zvinhu inogadzirwa nekusanganisa inoenderana inodzivirira zvinhu (senge cross-linked polyethylene, ethylene-propylene rubber, etc.) necarbon black, antioxidants, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, uye zvimwe zvinowedzera. Iyo carbon black particles inofanira kuparadzirwa zvakafanana mukati mepolymer, pasina agglomeration kana kupararira kusina kunaka.
Ukobvu hwemukati uye hwekunze semi-conductive shielding layers hunowedzera nevoltage level. Nekuda kwekuti simba remumunda wemagetsi pane insulation layer yakakwira mukati nekudzika kunze, ukobvu hwesemi-conductive nhovo dzekudzivirira dzinofanirawo kuve dzakakura mukati kupfuura kunze. Munguva yakapfuura, yekunze semi-conductive shielding yakaitwa yakakora zvishoma kupfuura yemukati kudzivirira zvikwambo nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwesag control kana punctures inokonzerwa neakanyanya kuoma matepi emhangura. Ikozvino, ine online otomatiki sag yekutarisa uye annealed akapfava matepi emhangura, yemukati semi-conductive yekudzivirira layer inofanirwa kuitwa yakakora zvishoma kana kuenzana neyekunze layer. Patambo dze6–10–35 kV, ukobvu hwemukati hunowanzoita 0.5–0.6–0.8 mm.
(2) Metallic Shielding
Matambo ane rated voltage yakakura kudarika 0.6/1kV anofanirwa kunge aine simbi inodzivirira. Iyo metallic shielding layer inofanirwa kuiswa kune yega yega insulated core kana cable core. Metallic shielding inofanira kuva nematepi esimbi imwe kana anopfuura, masimbi esimbi, akaturikidzana ewaya dzesimbi, kana musanganiswa wewaya dzesimbi uye matepi esimbi.
MuEurope nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwekudzivirira-grounded double-circuit systems nepamusoro-pfupi-circuit currents, copper wire shielding inowanzoshandiswa. Vamwe vagadziri vanoisa waya dzemhangura musheath yekuparadzanisa kana sheath yekunze kuderedza dhayamita yetambo. MuChina, kunze kwemamwe mapurojekiti akakosha anoshandisa resistance-grounded double-circuit systems, masisitimu mazhinji anoshandisa arc-suppression coil-grounded single-circuit magetsi emagetsi, ayo anoganhura mapfupi-circuit current kusvika kushoma, saka tepi yemhangura inodzivirira inogona kushandiswa. Mafekitari etambo akatenga matepi akaomarara emhangura nekutsemura uye kuvharika kuti awane kumwe kurebesa uye kusimba kwesimba (zvakanyanya kuomarara zvinokwenya iyo insulation yekudzivirira layer, yakapfava kwazvo inounyana) isati yashandiswa. Matepi emhangura akapfava anofanirwa kuenderana neGB/T11091-2005 Copper Tape yeCables.
Kudzivirira tepi yemhangura kunofanirwa kuve nechikamu chimwe chetepi yakapfava yemhangura kana maviri akafukidzwa akaputirwa zvine hunyoro tepi yemhangura ine maburi. Avhareji yekupindirana mwero we tepi yemhangura inofanira kunge iri 15% yehupamhi hwayo (nominal value), uye iyo shoma inopindirana mwero haifanire kunge iri pasi pe5%. Ukobvu hwezita hwe tepi yemhangura hunofanirwa kunge huri 0.12 mm kune imwechete-core tambo uye inokwana 0.10 mm kune akawanda-core tambo. Ukobvu hushoma hwe tepi yemhangura haifaniri kunge iri pasi pe90% yehuwandu hwezita. Zvichienderana nehupamhi hwekunze hwekudzivirira kwekudzivirira (≤25 mm kana> 25 mm), tepi yemhangura yakareba inowanzoita 30-35 mm.
Copper wire shielding inogadzirwa newaya dzakakuvadzwa dzakapfava dzemhangura, dzakavharirwa ne-counter-helical kuputira waya dzemhangura kana matepi emhangura. Kupokana kwayo kunofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zveGB/T3956-2008 Conductors of Cables, uye nzvimbo yayo yezita rekuyambuka-sectional inofanirwa kutariswa zvinoenderana nekutadza ikozvino kugona. Copper wire shielding inogona kuiswa pamusoro pemukati sheath ye-tatu-core tambo kana zvakananga pamusoro pekuvharira, yekunze semi-conductive shielding layer, kana yakakodzera mukati sheath ye single-core tambo. Ivhareji yepakati pakati petambo dzemhangura dziri pedyo haifaniri kudarika 4 mm. Avhareji gap G inoverengerwa uchishandisa formula:
kupi:
D - dhayamita yetambo yetambo pasi pemhangura wire shielding, mu mm;
d - dhayamita yetambo yemhangura, mu mm;
n - nhamba yematare emhangura.
2. Basa reKudzivirira Matanho uye Hukama Hwavo kune Voltage Levels
(1) Basa reInner uye Outer Semi-Conductive Shielding
Cable conductor anowanzo kubatanidzwa kubva kune dzakawanda dzakasungwa waya. Munguva yekuvharidzira extrusion, magapu, maburrs, uye kumwe kusarongeka kwepamusoro kunogona kuvepo pakati peiyo conductor pamusoro uye insulation layer, zvichikonzera magetsi emumunda, zvichitungamira kumhepo yemunharaunda kubuda uye kubuda kwemuti, uye kuderedza dielectric kuita. Nekuburitsa dhizaini ye semi-conductive zvinhu (conductor shielding) pamusoro peiyo conductor pamusoro, inova nechokwadi chekubata kwakasimba neiyo insulation. Nemhaka yokuti semi-conductive layer uye conductor vari pamwero wakafanana, kunyange kana pane zvipingamupinyi pakati pavo, hapazovi nemagetsi emagetsi, nokudaro kudzivirira kubudiswa kwechidimbu.
Saizvozvo, pane mapeji pakati pekunze kwekudzivirira kwepamusoro uye simbi sheath (kana simbi shielding), uye iyo yakakwirira yevoltage level, iyo inowanzoitika yekubuda kwemhepo. By extruding semi-conductive layer (insulation shielding) pane yekunze insulation surface, yekunze equipotential surface inoumbwa ne metallic sheath, ichibvisa minda yemagetsi mumagapu uye kudzivirira chikamu chinobuda.
(2) Basa reMetallic Shielding
Mabasa esimbi ekudzivirira anosanganisira: kutakura capacitive ikozvino pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu, kushanda senzira yenguva pfupi-yekutenderera ikozvino panguva yekukanganisa; kuvharira munda wemagetsi mukati mekuvhara (kuderedza kupindira kwekunze kwemagetsi) uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti yunifomu yemagetsi emagetsi; kuita semutsetse usina kwazvakarerekera mumatatu-chikamu mana-waya masisitimu kutakura isina kuenzana ikozvino; uye kupa radial water-blocking dziviriro.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-28-2025