Abstract: The cross-linking musimboti, kupatsanura, kuumbwa, maitiro uye midziyo ye silane cross-yakabatana polyethylene insulating zvinhu zvewaya uye tambo inotsanangurwa muchidimbu, uye mamwe maitiro e silane anowanzo kuyambuka-yakabatana polyethylene insulating zvinhu mukushandisa uye kushandiswa pamwe chete. zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuchinjika-kubatanidza mamiriro ezvinhu zvinounzwa.
Keywords: Silane cross-linking; Natural cross-linking; Polyethylene; Insulation; Waya netambo
Silane cross-yakabatana polyethylene tambo zvinhu zvino yave kushandiswa zvakanyanya muwaya uye tambo indasitiri sechinhu chinodzivirira cheyakadzika-voltage magetsi tambo. Izvo zvinhu mukugadzirwa kwewaya-yakabatana waya uye tambo, uye peroxide-yakabatana-yakabatana uye irradiation-yakabatana-yakabatana neyakagadzirwa midziyo inodiwa iri nyore, iri nyore kushanda, yakaderera yakazara mutengo uye zvimwe zvakanakira, yave iyo inotungamira zvinhu kune yakaderera. -voltage cross-linked cable ine insulation.
1.Silane muchinjikwa-yakabatana tambo zvinhu muchinjiko-kubatanidza musimboti
Pane maitiro maviri makuru anobatanidzwa mukugadzira silane-yakabatana polyethylene: kubatanidza uye kuyambuka-kubatanidza. Mukuita kubatanidza, iyo polima inorasikirwa neH-atomu patetiary kabhoni atomu pasi pechiito chemahara ekutanga uye pyrolysis mumahara radicals, ayo anoita ne - CH = CH2 boka revinyl silane kugadzira yakabatanidzwa polymer ine trioxysilyl ester. boka. Mumuchinjiko wekubatanidza, iyo polima yegraft inotanga hydrolyzed pamberi pemvura kuti igadzire silanol, uye iyo - OH inobatana neboka riri pedyo reSi-OH kugadzira iyo Si-O-Si bond, nekudaro kubatanidza iyo polima. macromolecules.
2.Silane cross-linked cable material uye nzira yekugadzira tambo
Sezvaunoziva, kune maviri-nhanho uye imwe-nhanho nzira dzekugadzira silane-yakabatana tambo uye tambo dzadzo. Musiyano uripo pakati pematanho maviri-nhanho nzira uye imwe-nhanho nzira iri mune iyo silane grafting process inoitwa, maitiro ekubatanidza patambo yekugadzira zvinhu zvematanho maviri-nhanho nzira, maitiro ekubatanidza mutambo yekugadzira tambo ye imwe-danho nzira. Iyo nhanho mbiri silane muchinjiko-yakabatana polyethylene insulating zvinhu ine yakakura musika mugove inoumbwa neinonzi A uye B zvinhu, ine A zvinhu zviri polyethylene yakabatanidzwa ne silane uye B zvinhu zviri catalyst master batch. Iyo insulating core inobva yabatanidzwa mumvura inodziya kana steam.
Kune rumwe rudzi rwematanho maviri silane cross-linked polyethylene insulator, apo A zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nenzira yakasiyana, nekuunza vinyl silane zvakananga mu polyethylene panguva yekubatanidza kuwana polyethylene ine silane branched cheni.
Imwe-nhanho nzira inewo mhando mbiri, yechinyakare imwe-nhanho maitiro akasiyana-siyana ezvigadzirwa zvinoenderana neformula mureshiyo yeyakakosha metering system, mune yakanyatso gadzirwa extruder munhanho imwe kupedzisa kubatanidza uye extrusion ye. cable insulation core, mukuita uku, hapana granulation, hapana kudikanwa kwetambo zvinhu chirimwa kutora chikamu, nefekitari yetambo kupedzisa yega. Iyi-nhanho imwe silane-yakabatana tambo yekugadzira michina uye yekugadzira tekinoroji inonyanya kutengwa kubva kunze kwenyika uye inodhura.
Imwe mhando yeimwe-nhanho silane cross-yakabatana polyethylene insulation zvinhu inogadzirwa netambo vagadziri vezvinhu, ndeye zvese zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana neformula muchiyero cheyakakosha nzira yekusanganisa pamwechete, kurongedza uye kutengeswa, hapana A zvinhu uye B. zvinhu, tambo chirimwa inogona zvakananga mune extruder kupedzisa nhanho panguva imwe chete grafting uye extrusion yetambo insulation musimboti. Chinhu chakasarudzika cheiyi nzira ndechekuti hapana kudikanwa kwekudhura kwakakosha maextruder, sezvo silane grafting process inogona kupedzwa mune yakajairika PVC extruder, uye maviri-nhanho nzira inobvisa kukosha kwekusanganisa A uye B zvinhu zvisati zvaitika.
3. Kugadzira kuumbwa
Kugadzirwa kwe silane cross-yakabatana polyethylene tambo zvinhu zvinowanzo umbwa nebase material resin, initiator, silane, antioxidant, polymerization inhibitor, catalyst, nezvimwe.
(1) Iyo base resin inowanzoita yakaderera density polyethylene (LDPE) resin ine melt index (MI) ye2, asi munguva pfupi yapfuura, nekuvandudzwa kweiyo synthetic resin tekinoroji uye kudhura kwemitengo, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) yakave zvakare. yakashandiswa kana kushandiswa zvishoma se base resin yechinhu ichi. Marezeni akasiyana anowanzo kuve nekukanganisa kwakakura pakubatanidza uye kuyambuka-kubatanidza nekuda kwekusiyana kwemukati macromolecular chimiro, saka kuumbwa kunozogadziridzwa nekushandisa akasiyana base resin kana mhando imwechete yeresin kubva kune vakasiyana vagadziri.
(2) The initiator inowanzoshandiswa diisopropyl peroxide (DCP), kiyi ndeyokunzwisisa kuwanda kwechinetso, zvishoma kuti zvikonzere silane grafting hazvina kukwana; yakawandisa kukonzera polyethylene cross-linking, iyo inoderedza fluidity yayo, pamusoro peiyo extruded insulation core rough, yakaoma kusvina system. Sezvo huwandu hwekutanga hwakawedzerwa hudiki uye hune hunyoro, zvakakosha kuiparadzira zvakaenzana, saka inowanzowedzerwa pamwe chete ne silane.
(3) Silane inowanzoshandiswa vinyl unsaturated silane, kusanganisira vinyl trimethoxysilane (A2171) uye vinyl triethoxysilane (A2151), nokuda kwekukurumidza hydrolysis rate yeA2171, saka sarudza A2171 vamwe vanhu. Saizvozvowo, kune dambudziko rekuwedzera silane, ikozvino tambo yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi vari kuedza kuzadzisa muganhu wayo wakaderera kuderedza mari, nokuti silane inotengeswa kunze, mutengo unodhura.
(4) Anti-oxidant ndeyekuona kugadzikana kwepolyethylene kugadzirisa uye tambo yekudzivirira kuchembera uye yakawedzera, anti-oxidant mu silane grafting process ine basa rekuvharisa maitiro ekubatanidza, saka maitiro ekubatanidza, kuwedzera anti-oxidant. kuti uchenjere, mari yakawedzerwa kuti utarise huwandu hweDCP kuti uenderane nesarudzo. Mumatanho maviri-muchinjika-yekubatanidza maitiro, mazhinji eiyo antioxidant anogona kuwedzerwa mune catalyst master batch, iyo inogona kuderedza kukanganiswa kweiyo grafting maitiro. Mune imwe-nhanho-ye-cross-linking process, iyo antioxidant iripo mune yese yekubatanidza maitiro, saka kusarudzwa kwemarudzi uye huwandu hwakakosha. Inowanzo shandiswa antioxidants ndeye 1010, 168, 330, nezvimwe.
(5) Polymerization inhibitor inowedzerwa kuitira kuti inhibisa kumwe kusungirirwa uye kuyambuka-kubatanidza maitiro ekuita kwemativi kunoitika, mukuita kwekubatanidza kuwedzera anti-cross-linking agent, inogona kunyatso kudzikisa kuitika kweC2C cross-linking, nekudaro kuvandudza. iyo yekugadzirisa fluidity, mukuwedzera, kuwedzerwa kwegraft mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana ichatungamirirwa ne hydrolysis ye silane pane polymerization inhibitor inogona kuderedza hydrolysis ye polyethylene yakabatanidzwa, kuvandudza kugadzikana kwenguva refu kwegraft material.
(6) Catalysts inowanzova organotin derivatives (kunze kwekusanganisa kwechisikigo), iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye dibutyltin dilaurate (DBDTL), iyo inowanzowedzerwa muchimiro che masterbatch. Mukuita-matanho maviri, iyo graft (A material) uye catalyst master batch (B zvinhu) zvakaputirwa zvakasiyana uye zvinhu zveA neB zvinosanganiswa pamwe chete zvisati zvawedzerwa kune extruder kudzivirira pre-crosslinking yeA zvinhu. Panyaya yeimwe-nhanho silane cross-yakabatanidzwa polyethylene insulations, iyo polyethylene mupakeji haisati yabatanidzwa, saka hapana pre-muchinjika-inobatanidza dambudziko uye saka chinokonzeresa hachidi kurongedza zvakasiyana.
Uye zvakare, kune akasanganiswa silanes anowanikwa pamusika, ari musanganiswa we silane, initiator, antioxidant, mamwe mafuta uye anti-copper agents, uye anowanzo shandiswa mune imwe-nhanho silane muchinjiko-yekubatanidza nzira mumagetsi matambo.
Nokudaro, kuumbwa kwe silane cross-linked polyethylene insulation, iyo inoumbwa isingaonekwi seyakanyanya kuoma uye inowanikwa mumashoko akakodzera, asi maitiro akakodzera ekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, zvichienderana nezvimwe zvigadziridzo kuitira kupedzisa, izvo zvinoda zvizere. kunzwisiswa kwebasa rezvikamu mukugadzirisa uye mutemo wekukanganisa kwavo pakuita uye kuwirirana kwavo.
Mumhando dzakawanda dzemidziyo yetambo, silane cross-yakabatana tambo zvinhu (zvingave zviviri-nhanho kana imwe-nhanho) inoonekwa seyakasiyana-siyana yemakemikari maitiro anoitika muextrusion, mamwe marudzi senge polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tambo zvinhu uye. polyethylene (PE) tambo zvinhu, iyo extrusion granulation process ndeye yemuviri kusanganisa maitiro, kunyangwe kana kemikari yekubatanidza uye irradiation cross-linking tambo zvinhu, ingave mune extrusion granulation process, kana extrusion system Cable, hapana chemakemikari process inoitika. , saka, mukuenzanisa, kugadzirwa kwe silane cross-linked cable material uye cable insulation extrusion, maitiro ekugadzirisa anonyanya kukosha.
4. Maviri-nhanho silane cross-yakabatana polyethylene insulation kugadzirwa maitiro
Maitiro ekugadzira maviri-nhanho silane cross-yakabatana polyethylene insulation A zvinhu zvinogona kumiririrwa muchidimbu neFigure 1.
Mufananidzo 1 Kugadzira maitiro maviri-nhanho silane muchinjiko-yakabatana polyethylene insulating zvinhu A
Mamwe mapoinzi akakosha mukugadzira maitiro maviri-nhanho silane cross-yakabatana polyethylene insulation:
(1) Kuomesa. Sezvo polyethylene resin ine mvura shoma, kana yakawedzerwa pakupisa kwepamusoro, mvura inopindira nokukurumidza nemapoka e-silyl kuti ibudise-cross-linking, iyo inoderedza kunyunguduka kwekunyunguduka uye inogadzira pre-cross-linking. Izvo zvakapedzwa zvinewo mvura mushure mekutonhora kwemvura, izvo zvinogona kukonzera pre-crosslinking kana isina kubviswa, uye inofanirawo kuomeswa. Kuti uve nechokwadi chehutano hwekuomeswa, chidimbu chekuomeswa kwakadzika chinoshandiswa.
(2) Metering. Sezvo kurongeka kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu kwakakosha, chikero chekuyeresa chinotengeswa kunze kwenyika chinowanzoshandiswa. Iyo polyethylene resin uye antioxidant inoyerwa uye kudyiswa kuburikidza nechiteshi chekudya che extruder, nepo silane uye initiator inobaiwa nepombi yemidziyo yemvura mune yechipiri kana yechitatu dhiramu yeextruder.
(3) Extrusion grafting. Iyo grafting process ye silane inopedzwa mune extruder. Maitiro ekugadzirisa eextruder, anosanganisira tembiricha, screw musanganiswa, screw kumhanya uye chiyero chekudya, inofanirwa kutevedzera musimboti wekuti zvinhu zviri muchikamu chekutanga che extruder zvinogona kunyungudutswa zvizere uye zvakasanganiswa zvakafanana, kana kuparara kusati kwasvika kweperoxide kusingadiwi. , uye kuti iyo yakazara yunifomu zvinhu muchikamu chechipiri che extruder inofanira kunge yakaora zvizere uye maitiro ekubatanidza apedzwa, Typical extruder chikamu tembiricha (LDPE) inoratidzwa muTafura 1.
Tafura 1 Tembiricha yezvikamu zviviri-nhanho extruder
| Nzvimbo yekushanda | Zone 1 | Zone 2 | Zone 3 ① | Zone 4 | Zone 5 |
| Tembiricha P °C | 140 | 145 | 120 | 160 | 170 |
| Nzvimbo yekushanda | Zone 6 | Zone 7 | Zone 8 | Zone 9 | Muromo unofa |
| Tembiricha °C | 180 | 190 | 195 | 205 | 195 |
① ndipo panowedzerwa silane.
Iyo yekumhanyisa kweiyo extruder screw inosarudza nguva yekugara uye kusanganisa kweiyo zvinhu mu extruder, kana nguva yekugara iri pfupi, iyo peroxide decomposition haina kukwana; kana nguva yekugara yakanyanya kureba, viscosity yezvinhu zvakawedzerwa zvinowedzera. Kazhinji, avhareji yenguva yekugara yegranule mu extruder inofanira kudzorwa mukutanga kuora kwehafu yehupenyu hwe5-10 nguva. Kudya nekukurumidza hakungove nekukanganisa panguva yekugara kwezvinhu, asiwo pakusanganiswa uye kuveura kwezvinhu, sarudza kumhanya kwakakodzera kwekudya kunokosha zvakare.
(4) Kurongedza. Matanho maviri silane cross-linked insulating material inofanira kuiswa mualuminium-plastic composite masaga mumhepo yakananga kubvisa unyoro.
5. Imwe-danho silane muchinjiko-yakabatana polyethylene insulating zvinhu kugadzirwa muitiro
Imwe-nhanho silane muchinjika-yakabatana polyethylene insulation zvinhu nekuda kweiyo grafting process iri mutambo fekitori extrusion yetambo yekuvharisa musimboti, saka tembiricha yekuvharisa extrusion tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura nzira mbiri-nhanho. Kunyangwe iyo imwe-nhanho silane muchinjika-yakabatana polyethylene insulation formula yakatariswa zvizere mukukurumidza kupararira kweinitiator uye silane uye kugera zvinhu, asi maitiro ekubatanidza anofanirwa kuvimbiswa nekupisa, inova nhanho imwe silane muchinjiko-yakabatana polyethylene. Insulation production plant yakaramba ichisimbisa kukosha kwesarudzo chaiyo yeextrusion tembiricha, tembiricha yakakurudzirwa extrusion inoratidzwa muTafura 2.
Tafura 2 Imwe-nhanho extruder tembiricha yenzvimbo yega yega (yuniti: ℃)
| Zone | Zone 1 | Zone 2 | Zone 3 | Zone 4 | Flange | Musoro |
| Tembiricha | 160 | 190 | 200～210 | 220～230 | 230 | 230 |
Uku ndiko kumwe kusasimba kweimwe-nhanho silane cross-yakabatanidzwa polyethylene process, iyo isingawanzo kudiwa kana extruding tambo mumatanho maviri.
6.Production midziyo
Michina yekugadzira ivimbiso yakakosha yekutonga kwemaitiro. Kugadzirwa kwetambo dze silane dzakachinjika-yakabatana kunoda dhigirii yakakwira kwazvo yekudzora maitiro, saka sarudzo yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira inonyanya kukosha.
Kugadzirwa kweaviri-nhanho silane muchinjika-yakabatana polyethylene insulation zvinhu A zvinhu zvekugadzira midziyo, parizvino yakawedzera mudzimba isotropic parallel twin-screw extruder ine huremu husina huremu hunounzwa kunze, zvishandiso zvakadaro zvinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa kudzora kurongeka, kusarudzwa kwehurefu uye dhayamita ye iyo twin-screw extruder kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvekugara nguva, sarudzo yekunze inorema huremu kuti ive nechokwadi chechokwadi chezviyo. Zvechokwadi kune zvakawanda zvakawanda zvemichina inoda kupiwa kunyatsoteerera.
Sezvambotaurwa, imwe-nhanho silane muchinjika-yakabatana netambo yekugadzira michina mutambo chirimwa inotengeswa kunze kwenyika, inodhura, vagadziri vemidziyo yemumba havana midziyo yekugadzira yakafanana, chikonzero kushaikwa kwekubatana pakati pevagadziri vemidziyo uye fomula uye vanoongorora maitiro.
7.Silane natural cross-linked polyethylene insulation material
Silane natural cross-linked polyethylene insulating material yakagadzirwa mumakore achangopfuura inogona kuyambuka-yakabatana pasi pemamiriro echisikigo mukati memazuva mashoma, pasina chiutsi kana kunyudzwa mumvura inodziya. Kuenzaniswa neyechinyakare silane muchinjiko-yekubatanidza nzira, chinyorwa ichi chinogona kudzikisa maitiro ekugadzira kune vanogadzira tambo, ichiwedzera kudzikisa mutengo wekugadzira uye kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwakanaka. Silane yakasikwa yakayambuka-yakabatana polyethylene insulation iri kuwedzera kuzivikanwa uye kushandiswa nevagadziri vetambo.
Mumakore achangopfuura, silane yepasi-yakabatana polyethylene insulation yakura uye yakagadzirwa muhuwandu, paine zvimwe zvakanakira mumutengo zvichienzaniswa nezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.
7. 1 Mazano ekugadzira silane zvakajairika kuyambuka-yakabatana polyethylene insulation
Silane natural cross-linked polyethylene insulations inogadzirwa mumatanho-maviri maitiro, ane maitiro akafanana anosanganisira base resin, initiator, silane, antioxidant, polymerisation inhibitor uye catalyst. Kugadzirwa kwe silane natural cross-linked polyethylene insulators kunobva pakuwedzera silane grafting rate yeA material uye kusarudza inonyanyoshanda catalyst pane silane inodziya mvura cross-linked polyethylene insulators. Kushandiswa kweA zvinhu zvine chiyero chepamusoro chekubatanidza silane chakasanganiswa nechanyanya hunyanzvi chinogonesa silane cross-linked polyethylene insulator kuyambuka-kuchimbidza kunyangwe pakudziya kwakaderera uye nekusakwana hunyoro.
Iyo A-materials yekunze silane yakasikwa yakabatana-yakabatana polyethylene insulators inogadzirwa necopolymerisation, uko silane yemukati inogona kudzorwa pamwero wepamusoro, nepo kugadzirwa kweA-materials ane yakakwira grafting mitengo nekubatanidza silane yakaoma. Iyo base resin, initiator uye silane inoshandiswa mune resipi inofanira kunge yakasiyana uye inogadziriswa maererano nekusiyana uye kuwedzera.
Kusarudzwa kweanopikisa uye kugadziriswa kweyero yayo kwakakoshawo, sekuwedzera kweyero yekubatanidza ye silane zvinotungamira kune yakawanda CC crosslinking side maitiro. Kuti uvandudze kugadzirisa fluidity uye mamiriro epamusoro eiyo A zvinhu zvinotevera tambo extrusion, yakafanira huwandu hwepolymerization inhibitor inodiwa kuti inyatso kuvharira CC crosslinking uye isati yatanga-crosslinking.
Pamusoro pezvo, macatalyst anoita basa rakakosha mukuwedzera chiyero chekuchinjisa uye anofanirwa kusarudzwa seanoshanda macatalyst ane shanduko yesimbi-isina zvinhu.
7. 2 Crosslinking nguva ye silane zvakasikwa crosslinked polyethylene insulations
Nguva inodiwa kuti upedze kuchinjika-kubatanidza kwe silane yakasikwa cross-yakabatana polyethylene insulation mumamiriro ayo echisikigo zvinoenderana nekupisa, humidity uye ukobvu hweiyo insulation layer. Kukwirisa tembiricha uye hunyoro, kutetepa ukobvu hwechidzitiro chekudzivirira, kupfupika kwenguva yekubatanidza inodiwa, uye kureba zvakapesana. Sezvo tembiricha nehunyoro zvichisiyana munzvimbo nenzvimbo uye mwaka nemwaka, kunyange munzvimbo imwe chete uye panguva imwe chete, tembiricha nehunyoro nhasi namangwana zvichasiyana. Naizvozvo, panguva yekushandiswa kwechinyorwa, mushandisi anofanirwa kuona nguva yekubatanidza-yekubatanidza zvinoenderana nenzvimbo uye iripo tembiricha uye humidity, pamwe nekutsanangurwa kwetambo uye ukobvu hweiyo insulation layer.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-13-2022