Muwaya uye zvigadzirwa zvetambo, zvimiro zvekudzivirira zvakakamurwa kuita maviri akapatsanurwa pfungwa: electromagnetic shielding uye yemagetsi munda shielding. Electromagnetic shielding inonyanya kushandiswa kudzivirira yakakwirira-frequency chiratidzo tambo (senge tambo dzeRF uye tambo dzemagetsi) kubva pakukonzera kukanganisa kune yekunze nharaunda kana kuvharira ekunze mafungu emagetsi kubva pakukanganisa tambo dzinofambisa dzisina simba (senge chiratidzo uye kuyerwa tambo), pamwe nekuderedza kupindirana pakati petambo. Electric field shielding, kune rumwe rutivi, yakagadzirirwa kuenzanisa minda yemagetsi yakasimba pane conductor surface kana insulation surface yepakati- uye high-voltage power cables.
1. Chimiro uye Zvinodiwa zveMagetsi Field Shielding Layers
Kudzivirira kwetambo dzemagetsi kwakakamurwa kuita conductor shielding, insulation shielding, uye metal shielding. Zvinoenderana nemayero akakodzera, tambo dzine rated voltage yakakura kupfuura 0.6/1 kV dzinofanirwa kunge dziine simbi yekudzivirira layer, iyo inogona kuiswa kune yega insulated cores kana iyo yakazara cable core. Kune tambo dzine rated voltage yeinenge 3.6/6 kV uchishandisa XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) insulation, kana tambo dzine rated voltage yeinenge 3.6/6 kV uchishandisa yakaonda EPR (ethylene propylene rubber) insulation (kana kuvharidzira gobvu ine rated voltage yeinenge 6/10 kV), semieconduct yemukati inodiwa zvakare.
(1) Conductor Shielding uye Insulation Shielding
Conductor Shielding (Inner Semi-Conductive Shielding): Iyi inofanira kunge isiri-metallic, inosanganisira extruded semi-conductive material kana musanganiswa wesemi-conductive tepi yakaputirwa pa conductor ichiteverwa ne extruded semi-conductive material.
Insulation Shielding (Outer Semi-Conductive Shielding): Iyi inoburitswa yakananga kunze kweiyo yega yega insulation core uye inosungirirwa zvakasimba kune kana kusvuuka kubva kune insulation layer.
Iwo akawedzeredzwa emukati nekunze semi-conductive layers anofanirwa kusungirirwa zvakasimba kune yekuvharisa, ine yakatsetseka interface isina anooneka conductor stranding mamaki, inopinza mipendero, zvimedu, kupisa, kana kukwenya. Iyo resistivity isati yasvika uye mushure mekuchembera haifanirwe kunge inopfuura 1000 Ω · m kune conductor shielding layer uye isingapfuuri 500 Ω · m yekuvharisa shielding layer.
Iyo yemukati uye yekunze semi-conductive yekudzivirira zvinhu inogadzirwa nekusanganisa inoenderana insulating zvinhu (senge cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) uye ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)) ine additives senge kabhoni dema, anti-kuchembera agents, uye ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Iyo carbon black particles inofanira kugoverwa zvakaenzana mupolymer, pasina agglomeration kana kupararira kusina kunaka.
Ukobvu hwemukati nekunze semi-conductive shielding layers hunowedzera nevolti rating. Sezvo simba remunda wemagetsi pachigadziko chekudzivirira chakakwirira mukati uye chakaderera kunze, hupamhi hwema semi-conductive shielding layers inofanirawo kuva yakawanda mukati uye yakatetepa kunze. Patambo dzakayereswa pa6~10~35 kV, ukobvu hwemukati hunowanzobva pa0.5~0.6~0.8 mm.
(2) Metal Shielding
Matambo ane voltage yakayerwa inopfuura 0.6/1 kV anofanirwa kunge aine simbi inodzivirira. Iyo simbi inodzivirira simbi inofanirwa kuvhara kunze kwega yega insulated core kana iyo cable core. Metal shielding inogona kuva nematepi esimbi imwe chete kana anopfuura, masimbi esimbi, akaturikidzana ewaya dzesimbi, kana musanganiswa wewaya dzesimbi uye matepi.
MuEurope nenyika dzakasimukira, uko kunoshandiswa kupikisa-yakavakirwa dual-circuit systems uye mapfupi-circuit currents akakwirira, copper wire shielding inowanzo shandiswa. MuChina, arc kudzvinyirira coil-yakavakirwa single-circuit magetsi emagetsi masisitimu akajairika, saka tepi yemhangura inodzivirira ndiyo inowanzo shandiswa. Vagadziri vematambo vanotenga matepi emhangura akaomarara nekutsemura nekuapinza kuti apfave asati ashandiswa. Iwo matepi emhangura akapfava anofanirwa kuenderana neiyo GB/T11091-2005 "Copper Tapes for Cables" standard.
Kudzivirira tepi yemhangura kunofanirwa kuve nechikamu chimwe chetepi yakapfava yemhangura kana maviri akaturikidzana egap-akaputirwa tepi yemhangura yakapfava. Avhareji yekupindirana mwero inofanira kunge iri 15% yehupamhi hwematepi, ine hudiki hwekupindirana mwero wepasiri pe5%. Ukobvu hwezita hwe tepi yemhangura haifanirwe kunge isingasviki 0.12 mm kune imwechete-core tambo uye isingasviki 0.10 mm kune akawanda-core tambo. Ukobvu hudiki hunofanirwa kunge husiri pasi pe90% yehuwandu hwezita.
Copper wire shielding ine tambo dzemhangura dzakakuvadzwa dzisina kukuvara, dzine nzvimbo yakavharidzirwa netambo dzemhangura dzakaputirwa kumashure kana matepi. Kupokana kwayo kunofanirwa kuenderana neiyo GB/T3956-2008 "Conductors of Cables" yakajairwa, uye nzvimbo yayo yezita rekuyambuka-sectional inofanirwa kutariswa zvichienderana nekutadza kwazvino.
2. Mabasa eShielding Layers uye Hukama Hwavo neVoltage Ratings
(1) Mabasa eInner uye Outer Semi-Conductive Shielding
Cable conductors anowanzo kugadzirwa newaya dzakawanda dzakasungwa uye dzakabatanidzwa. Munguva yekuvharidzira extrusion, mapundu emunharaunda, maburrs, kana kusarongeka kwepasi pakati peiyo conductor pamusoro uye iyo insulation layer inogona kukonzera magetsi emumunda, zvichitungamira mukubuda muchidimbu uye kubuda kwemuti, izvo zvinokanganisa kushanda kwemagetsi. Nekuburitsa dhizaini ye semi-conductive zvinhu (conductor shielding) pakati peiyo conductor pamusoro uye iyo insulation layer, inogona kusungirirwa zvakasimba neiyo insulation. Sezvo iyo semi-conductive layer iri pakugona kwakafanana nekondukita, chero mapeji ari pakati pavo haazosangana nemagetsi emagetsi, nekudaro kudzivirira kubuda kwechikamu.
Saizvozvo, magaba ari pakati pekunze kwekuvharisa pamusoro uye simbi sheath (kana simbi shielding) inogona zvakare kutungamira mukubuda muchidimbu, kunyanya pakakwirira voltage ratings. Nekuburitsa dhizaini ye semi-conductive zvinhu (insulation shielding) pane yekunze insulation surface, inoumba equipotential surface ine sheath yesimbi, ichibvisa magetsi emagetsi mukati memagapu uye kudzivirira chikamu chekubuda.
(2) Mabasa eMetal Shielding
Mabasa ekudzivirira simbi anosanganisira: kuitisa capacitive currents pasi pemamiriro akajairwa, kushanda senzira yepfupi-circuit (fault) currents, kuvharira munda wemagetsi mukati mekuvharisa (kuderedza kupindira kwemagetsi kunharaunda yekunze), uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti minda yemagetsi yakafanana (radial electric fields). Mune matatu-phase mana-waya masisitimu, inoshandawo seyaisarerekera mutsara, inotakura isina kuenzana mafungu, uye inopa radial kudzivirira mvura.
3. Nezve OW Cable
Semutengesi anotungamira wezvigadzirwa zvewaya netambo, OW Cable inopa yakakwirira-yepamusoro-yakabatana polyethylene (XLPE), matepi emhangura, waya dzemhangura, uye zvimwe zvinodzivirira zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira tambo dzemagetsi, tambo dzekukurukurirana, uye tambo dzakakosha. Zvigadzirwa zvedu zvinoenderana nezviyero zvepasirese, uye isu takazvipira kuendesa yakavimbika cable shielding mhinduro kune vatengi vedu.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-24-2025