Muzvigadzirwa zvewaya netambo, zvimiro zvekudzivirira zvinokamurwa kuita pfungwa mbiri dzakasiyana: kudzivirira kwemagetsi uye kudzivirira kwesimba remagetsi. Kudzivirira kwemagetsi kunonyanya kushandiswa kudzivirira tambo dzechiratidzo dzepamusoro-soro (dzakadai setambo dzeRF netambo dzemagetsi) kuti dzisakanganisa nharaunda yekunze kana kudzivirira mafungu emagetsi ekunze kuti asakanganisa tambo dzinotumira magetsi asina simba (dzakadai setambo dzechiratidzo nedzekuyera), pamwe nekuderedza kupindirana pakati petambo. Kudzivirira kwesimba remagetsi, kune rumwe rutivi, kwakagadzirirwa kuenzana kweminda yemagetsi yakasimba pamusoro pechinofambisa kana pamusoro pechinoputira tambo dzesimba dzemagetsi dziri pakati nepakati nepamusoro.
1. Maumbirwo uye Zvinodiwa zveMagetsi Ekudzivirira Nzvimbo Dzemagetsi
Kudzivirira tambo dzemagetsi kwakakamurwa kuita sekudzivirira kwemuchina wekufambisa, kudzivirira kuputira, uye kudzivirira simbi. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa, tambo dzine voltage yakarongwa inodarika 0.6/1 kV dzinofanira kunge dziine simbi yakarongwa, iyo inogona kushandiswa pamadziro ega ega akadzivirirwa kana core yetambo yose. Kune tambo dzine voltage yakarongwa yeinenge 3.6/6 kV uchishandisa XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) insulation, kana tambo dzine voltage yakarongwa yeinenge 3.6/6 kV uchishandisa thin EPR (ethylene propylene rubber) insulation (kana thick insulation ine voltage yakarongwa yeinenge 6/10 kV), chimiro chekudzivirira chemukati nekunze chinodiwawo.
(1) Kudzivirira uye Kudzivirira Kudzivirira Kwemuchina weKufambisa
Kudzivirira Kondakita (Kudzivirira Kwemukati Kwezvikamu Zvishoma): Izvi hazvifanirwe kunge zvisiri zvesimbi, zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvinoburitsa zvinhu zvishoma kana kuti musanganiswa wetepi inoburitsa zvinhu zvishoma yakaputirwa kutenderera kondakita ichiteverwa nezvinhu zvinoburitsa zvinhu zvishoma.
Kudzivirira Kudzivirira (Kudzivirira Kwekunze Kwezvikamu Zvishoma): Izvi zvinoburitswa zvakananga pamusoro pekunze kwepakati pega rega rakadzivirirwa uye zvinobatanidzwa zvakasimba kana kubviswa kubva pachikamu chekudzivirira.
Matanda emukati nekunze anobuda mukati nekunze anofanira kusungirirwa zvakasimba kune insulation, aine interface yakapfava isina mavanga anoonekwa e conductor stranding, mipendero yakapinza, zvidimbu, kupisa, kana kukwenya. Kudzivirira kwe resistivity isati yasvika uye mushure mekukwegura hakufanirwe kupfuura 1000 Ω·m kune conductor shielding layer uye kwete kupfuura 500 Ω·m kune insulation shielding layer.
Zvinhu zvekudzivirira zvemukati nekunze zvinogadzirwa nekusanganisa zvinhu zvinodzivirira (zvakadai se cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) uye ethylene propylene rabha (EPR)) nezvimwe zvinowedzera zvakaita se carbon black, anti-aging agents, uye ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Zvidimbu zve carbon black zvinofanira kugoverwa zvakaenzana mu polymer, pasina kuungana kana kupararira kwakashata.
Ukobvu hwezvikamu zvemukati nekunze zve semi-conductive shielding hunowedzera ne voltage rating. Sezvo simba remagetsi pa insulation layer rakakwira mukati uye rakaderera kunze, ukobvu hwezvikamu zve semi-conductive shielding layer hunofanirawo kuva hwakakora mukati uye hwakatetepa kunze. Kune tambo dzakatarwa pa 6~10~35 kV, ukobvu hwezvikamu zvemukati hunowanzova pakati pe 0.5~0.6~0.8 mm.
(2) Kudzivirira Simbi
Tambo dzine voltage inodarika 0.6/1 kV dzinofanira kunge dziine jira rekudzivirira simbi. Rutivi rwekudzivirira simbi runofanira kufukidza kunze kwepakati pega pega kana pakati petambo. Kudzivirira simbi kunogona kuva netepi imwe chete kana kupfuura dzesimbi, simbi dzakarukwa, tambo dzakanyatsobatanidzwa dzesimbi, kana musanganiswa wetambo dzesimbi nematepi.
MuEurope nenyika dzakabudirira, uko masystem e dual-circuit ane resistance-grounded uye ma short-circuit currents akakwira, copper wire shielding inowanzo shandiswa. MuChina, arc suppression coil-grounded single-circuit power supply systems akajairika, saka copper tape shielding inowanzo shandiswa. Vagadziri vetambo vanogadzira matepi emhangura akaoma akatengwa nekucheka nekuisa annealing kuti anyoroveswe vasati vashandisa. Matepi emhangura akapfava anofanirwa kutevedzera GB/T11091-2005 "Copper Tapes for Cables".
Kudzivirira tepi yemhangura kunofanira kunge kune jira rimwe chete retepi yemhangura yakapfava yakaputirwa kana zvidimbu zviviri zvetepi yemhangura yakapfava yakaputirwa. Avhareji yehuwandu hwetepi inofanira kunge iri 15% yehupamhi hwetepi, nehuwandu hwehuwandu husingasviki 5%. Ukobvu hwetepi yemhangura hunofanira kunge huri pasi pe 0.12 mm yetambo dzesimbi imwe chete uye husingasviki 0.10 mm yetambo dzesimbi dzakawanda. Ukobvu hushoma hunofanira kunge huri pasi pe 90% yehuwandu hwezita.
Kudzivirira waya dzemhangura kunosanganisira waya dzemhangura dzakapfava dzakarukwa zvisina kusimba, pamusoro padzo pakavharwa newaya dzemhangura dzakaputirwa kumashure kana matepi. Kudzivirira kwayo kunofanirwa kuenderana nechiyero cheGB/T3956-2008 "Conductors of Cables", uye nzvimbo yayo inofanira kutariswa zvichienderana nekukwanisa kwayo kushanda nesimba.
2. Mabasa eShielding Layers uye Hukama Hwawo neVoltage Ratings
(1) Mabasa ekudzivirira mukati nekunze kwechikamu chepakati
Maconductor etambo anowanzo gadzirwa newaya dzakawanda dzakavharirwa uye dzakamanikana. Panguva yekubuda kweinsulation, nzvimbo dzakavharika, maburi, kana kusarongeka kwepamusoro penzvimbo pakati pepamusoro peinsulation neinsulation layer zvinogona kukonzera kuwanda kwemagetsi, zvichikonzera kuburitswa kwechikamu uye kuburitswa kwemiti, izvo zvinoderedza mashandiro emagetsi. Nekuburitsa chikamu chezvinhu zvinofambisa magetsi (conductor shielding) pakati penzvimbo yeinsulation neinsulation layer, inogona kubatana zvakasimba neinsulation. Sezvo chikamu chinofambisa magetsi chiri pamwe chete neconductor, chero nzvimbo dziri pakati padzo hadzizosangana nemagetsi, nokudaro dzichidzivirira kuburitswa kwechikamu.
Saizvozvowo, mipata iri pakati penzvimbo yekuputira yekunze nesimbi (kana simbi inovhara) inogonawo kukonzera kuburitswa kwechikamu, kunyanya pamagetsi akakwira. Nekuburitsa jira rezvinhu zvinofambisa magetsi (semi-conductive shielding) pamusoro penzvimbo yekuputira yekunze, inoumba nzvimbo ine equipotential nesimbi, ichibvisa migumisiro yemagetsi mukati memipata uye ichidzivirira kuburitswa kwechikamu.
(2) Mabasa ekudzivirira simbi
Mabasa ekudzivirira simbi anosanganisira: kuita ma capacitive currents mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, kushanda senzira yema short-circuit (fault currents), kuvharira magetsi mukati me insulation (kuderedza electromagnetic interference kune ekunze nharaunda), uye kuona kuti magetsi akafanana (radial electric fields). Muma system e three-phase four-waya systems, inoshandawo se neutral line, inotakura ma currents asina kuenzana, uye inopa radial waterproofing.
3. Nezve OW Cable
Semutengesi anotungamira wezvinhu zvekugadzira waya netambo, OW Cable inopa polyethylene ine cross-linked (XLPE) yepamusoro-soro, matepi emhangura, waya dzemhangura, nezvimwe zvinhu zvekudzivirira zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira tambo dzemagetsi, tambo dzekutaurirana, uye tambo dzakakosha. Zvigadzirwa zvedu zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa pasi rose, uye takazvipira kupa mhinduro dzakavimbika dzekudzivirira tambo kuvatengi vedu.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-24-2025