Cable kusarudzwa inhanho yakakosha mukugadzira magetsi uye kuiswa. Sarudzo isiriyo inogona kutungamira kune njodzi dzekuchengetedza (sekupisa kana moto), kudonha kwakanyanya kwemagetsi, kukuvadzwa kwemidziyo, kana kuderera kwehurongwa. Pazasi pane zvinhu zvakakosha zvekufunga kana uchisarudza tambo:
1. Core Electrical Parameters
(1)Conductor Cross-Sectional Area:
Ikozvino Kutakura Kugona: Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha parameter. Iyo tambo inofanirwa kutakura iyo yakanyanya kuenderera inoshanda ikozvino yedunhu pasina kupfuura inobvumidzwa tembiricha yekushanda. Tarisa kune ampacity matafura mune akakodzera zviyero (seIEC 60287, NEC, GB/T 16895.15).
Voltage Drop: Ikozvino kuyerera kuburikidza netambo inokonzeresa kudonha kwevoltage. Kureba kwakawandisa kana kusakwana muchinjiko-chikamu kunogona kutungamira kune yakaderera voltage pakupera kwemutoro, zvichikanganisa mashandiro emidziyo (kunyanya mota kutanga). Verenga kudonhedzwa kwemagetsi kubva kumagetsi kusvika kumutoro, kuve nechokwadi kuti iri mukati memuganhu unobvumirwa (kazhinji ≤3% yekuvhenekera, ≤5% yesimba).
Yepfupi Circuit Inomira Kugona: Iyo tambo inofanirwa kumirisana nehupamhi hwepfupi-yedunhu ikozvino inogoneka muhurongwa pasina kukuvara kwekupisa kusati kwashanda mudziyo wekudzivirira (thermal kugadzikana cheki). Nzvimbo dzakakura dzakachinjika dzine hukuru hwekutsungirira.
(2)Rated Voltage:
Cable's rated voltage (semuenzaniso, 0.6/1kV, 8.7/15kV) haifanire kunge yakaderera pane yezita remagetsi (semuenzaniso, 380V, 10kV) uye chero inogoneka yakanyanya kushanda voltage. Funga nezve system voltage fluctuations uye overvoltage mamiriro.
(3)Conductor Material:
Mhangura: High conductivity (~ 58 MS/m), simba razvino rekutakura simba, simba rakanaka remagetsi, rakanakisisa rekudzivirira kwemarara, nyore kubata majoini, mari yakakwirira. Kunyanya kushandiswa.
Aluminium: Lower conductivity (~ 35 MS/m), inoda yakakura-chikamu-chikamu kuti iwane ampacity yakafanana, kureruka kurema, kuderera kwemutengo, asi kuderera kwesimba remagetsi, kunowanzoita oxidation, kunoda maturusi akakosha uye antioxidant kompani yemajoini. Inowanzo shandiswa kune mitsetse mikuru yemuchinjiro wepamusoro kana mamwe maapplication.
2. Installation Environment & Conditions
(1)Kuisa nzira:
Mumhepo: Cable trays, manera, ducts, conduits, pamusoro akaiswa pamadziro, etc. Kusiyana kupisa dissipation mamiriro anokanganisa ampacity (derating zvinodiwa kuti dense installation).
Pasi pevhu: Direct kuvigwa kana kudhonzwa. Funga nezveivhu rekushisa rekudzivirira, kudzika kwekuvigwa, kuswedera kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekupisa (semuenzaniso, mapaipi emvura). Kunyorova kwevhu uye kuora kunokanganisa kusarudzwa kwe sheath.
Pasi pemvura: Inoda zvimiro zvisingapindi mvura (semuenzaniso, sheath yekutungamirira, yakasanganiswa-yekuvharisa mvura) uye kuchengetedzwa kwemuchina.
Kuiswa kwakakosha: Vertical runs (funga nezvehuremu), matambo etambo / tunnel, nezvimwe.
(2)Ambient Temperature:
Ambient tembiricha inokanganisa zvakananga cable kupisa dissipation. Matafura ampacity akajairwa anobva patembiricha yereferensi (semuenzaniso, 30°C mumhepo, 20°C muvhu). Kana tembiricha chaiyo ichipfuura referensi, ampacity inofanira kugadziriswa (derated). Chengetedza zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzekupisa kwepamusoro (semuenzaniso, dzimba dzemaboiler, mamiriro ekunze anopisa).
(3)Kuva pedyo nemamwe maCables:
Dense tambo yekumisikidza inokonzeresa kudziyisa uye kukwira kwekushisa. Tambo dzakawanda dzakaiswa dzakafanana (kunyanya dzisina spacing kana mugomba mumwechete) dzinofanirwa kudzikiswa zvichienderana nenhamba, kuronga (kubata / kusabata).
(4) Mechanical Stress:
Tensile Load: Nekumisikidzwa kwakamira kana kureba kudhonza, funga tambo yekuzvitakura uye kudhonza tension; sarudza tambo dzine simba rakakwana rekusimba (semuenzaniso, waya yesimbi ine zvombo).
Dzvinyiriro/Impact: Tambo dzakavigwa dzakananga dzinofanira kumira pamusoro pemutoro wemotokari uye njodzi dzekuchera; tambo dzakaiswa mutireyi dzinogona kudzvanywa. Armouring (simbi tepi, simbi waya) inopa yakasimba mechanical kudzivirira.
Bending Radius: Panguva yekumisikidza uye kutendeuka, tambo yekubhenda radius haifanirwe kuve idiki pane inotenderwa hushoma, kudzivirira kukuvadza insulation uye sheath.
(5)Njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza:
Kemikari Corrosion: Zvidyarwa zvemakemikari, zvidyarwa zvemvura yetsvina, nzvimbo dzemahombekombe emunyu dzinoda mashefu asingadziviriri (semuenzaniso, PVC, LSZH, PE) uye / kana zvidimbu zvekunze. Non-metallic armouring (semuenzaniso, girazi fiber) inogona kudiwa.
Kusvibiswa Kwemafuta: Madhishi emafuta, mashopu ekugadzira anoda masheti asingadzivirirwe nemafuta (semuenzaniso, yakakosha PVC, CPE, CSP).
UV Kuratidzwa: Kunze tambo dzakafumurwa dzinoda UV-inodzivirira sheaths (semuenzaniso, dema PE, yakakosha PVC).
Rodents/Termites: Mamwe matunhu anoda tambo dzemakonzo/mujuru (masheath ane zvinodzinga, mabhachi akaomarara, simbi dzekupfeka).
Unyoro/Kunyura: Nzvimbo dzakanyorova kana dzakanyura dzinoda hunyoro hwakanaka/kuvharira mvura zvimiro (semuenzaniso, radial mvura-blocking, metal sheath).
Inoputika Atmospheres: Inofanirwa kusangana nenjodzi nzvimbo inoputika-inodzivirira zvinodiwa (semuenzaniso, inodzoreredza moto, LSZH, tambo dzemamineral insulated).
3. Cable Structure & Material Selection
(1)Isulation Materials:
Muchinjikwa-yakabatana Polyethylene (XLPE): Yakanakisa yepamusoro-tembiricha performance (90 ° C), yakakwirira ampacity, yakanaka dielectric properties, makemikari kuramba, yakanaka mechanical simba. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune yepakati / yakaderera voltage magetsi tambo. Sarudzo yekutanga.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Mutengo wakaderera, maitiro akakura, kunonoka kwemurazvo, tembiricha yakaderera yekushanda (70°C), brittle pakudziya kwakaderera, inoburitsa huturu hwehalogen gasi uye utsi hwakakora kana uchitsva. Zvichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya asi zvichiramba zvichirambidzwa.
Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR): Kuchinja kwakanaka, mamiriro ekunze, ozone, makemikari kuramba, kupisa kwepamusoro kwekushanda (90 ° C), inoshandiswa kumagetsi efoni, marine, tambo dzemigodhi. Mutengo wepamusoro.
Zvimwe: Silicone rabha (> 180 ° C), mineral insulated (MI - copper conductor ine magnesium oxide insulation, yakanakisa moto kuita) kune yakakosha maapplication.
(2) Sheath Materials:
PVC: Yakanaka mechani kudzivirira, murazvo-unodzora, mutengo wakaderera, unoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Iine halogen, chiutsi chine muchetura kana uchitsva.
PE: Yakanakisa mwando uye makemikari kuramba, akajairika kune yakananga-yakavigwa tambo yekunze sheaths. Kutadza kunonoka kwemurazvo.
Yakaderera Chiutsi Zero Halogen (LSZH / LS0H / LSF): Utsi hwakaderera, husina chepfu (hapana halogen acid magasi), kupfuudza mwenje panguva yekupisa. Inosungirwa munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji (subways, mall, zvipatara, zvivakwa zvepamusoro).
Flame-retardant Polyolefin: Inosangana nezvinodiwa zvinodzora murazvo.
Sarudzo inofanirwa kutarisisa kuramba kwezvakatipoteredza (mafuta, mamiriro ekunze, UV) uye michina yekudzivirira zvinodiwa.
(3)Shielding Layer:
Conductor Shield: Inodiwa kune yepakati/yakakwirira voltage (> 3.6/6kV) tambo, inoenzana conductor pamusoro pemagetsi munda.
Insulation Shield: Inodiwa kumatambo epakati/akakwira voltage, inoshanda neconductor nhovo yekutonga kwemunda kwakazara.
Metallic Shield / Armour: Inopa EMC (anti-kupindira / inoderedza kuburitswa) uye / kana nzira pfupi-yedunhu (inofanirwa kuve ivhu) uye kuchengetedzwa kwemichina. Mafomu akajairwa: tepi yemhangura, mhangura waya yakarukwa (chivharo + pfupi-yedunhu nzira), simbi tepi nhumbi dzokurwa (mechanical kudzivirira), simbi simbi nhumbi dzokurwa (tensile + mechanical protection), aluminium sheath (shielding + radial water-blocking + mechanical protection).
(4) Mhando dzezvombo:
Steel Wire Armored (SWA): Yakanakisa compressive uye general tensile dziviriro, yekuvigwa kwakananga kana mechanic kuchengetedza zvinodiwa.
Galvanized Wire Armored (GWA): High tensile simba, for vertical run, mahombe spans, kuiswa pasi pemvura.
Zvisiri-metallic Armour: Girazi faibha tepi, inopa simba remuchina ichiri isiri-magnetic, isingaremi, isingadziviriri, kune zvakakosha zvinodiwa.
4. Kuchengetedza & Regulatory Zvinodiwa
(1)Flame Retadancy:
Sarudza tambo dzinosangana dzinoshanda-dzinodzoreredza mwero (semuenzaniso, IEC 60332-1/3 yeimwe/yakaunganidzwa murazvo retadancy, BS 6387 CWZ yekudzivirira moto, GB/T 19666) zvichienderana nenjodzi yemoto uye zvinodiwa zvekubuda. Nzvimbo dzeruzhinji uye dzekutiza-dzakaoma dzinofanirwa kushandisa LSZH-inodzoreredza tambo dzemoto.
(2)Kuramba Moto:
Kumaseketi akakosha anofanirwa kuramba aine simba panguva yemoto (pombi dzemoto, mafeni ehutsi, mwenje wekukurumidza, maaramu), shandisa tambo dzisingadziviriri moto (semuenzaniso, MI tambo, mica-taped organic insulated zvimiro) zvakaedzwa kumazinga (semuenzaniso, BS 6387, IEC 60331, GB/T 19216).
(3)Halogen-Yemahara & Yakaderera Utsi:
Inosungirwa munzvimbo dzine kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro uye zvinodiwa zvekudzivirira zvemidziyo (nzvimbo dzekutakura, nzvimbo dzedata, zvipatara, zvivakwa zvakakura zveveruzhinji).
(4) Kuenderana neMitemo & Certification:
Matambo anofanirwa kuenderana nezviyero zvinosungirwa uye zvitupa munzvimbo yeprojekiti (semuenzaniso, CCC muChina, CE muEU, BS muUK, UL muUS).
5. Economics & Life Cycle Cost
Chekutanga Investment Mutengo: Cable uye zvishongedzo (majoini, kumiswa) mutengo.
Mutengo Wekuisa: Inosiyana nehukuru hwetambo, uremu, kuchinjika, uye nyore kuisa.
Operating Loss Cost: Conductor kuramba kunokonzera I²R kurasikirwa. Makondakita makuru anodhura zvakanyanya pakutanga asi anoderedza kurasikirwa kwenguva refu.
Mutengo Wekugadzirisa: Akavimbika, tambo dzakasimba dzine mutengo wakaderera wekugadzirisa.
Hupenyu Hwebasa: Matambo emhando yepamusoro munzvimbo dzakakodzera anogona kugara makore makumi matatu+. Ongorora zvizere kudzivirira kusarudza yakaderera-chaiyo kana yakashata-mhando tambo zvichienderana chete nemutengo wekutanga.
6. Zvimwe Zvinofungwa
Phase Sequence & Kumaka: Kune akawanda-epakati tambo kana nhanho-yakapatsanurwa kuisirwa, ita shuwa kutevedzana kwechikamu uye coding yemavara (pamwe nemiyero yenzvimbo).
Earthing & Equipotential Bonding: Nhoo dzesimbi uye nhumbi dzokurwa nadzo dzinofanirwa kuve dzakavimbika pasi (kazhinji pamigumo yese) kuitira kuchengetedza nekudzivirira kuita.
Reserve Margin: Funga zvinogona kuitika mune ramangwana kukura kana shanduko yenzira, wedzera chikamu-chikamu kana chengetedza masiketi maseketi kana zvichidikanwa.
Kugarisana: Cable accessories (malugs, majoini, kumiswa) inofanirwa kuenderana nemhando yetambo, voltage, uye saizi conductor.
Supplier Kufanirwa & Hunhu: Sarudza vagadziri vane mbiri vane yakagadzikana mhando.
Kuti uite zvakakwana uye kuvimbika, kusarudza tambo yakakodzera kunofambidzana nekusarudza zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro. Kune IMWE NYIKA, isu tinopa huwandu hwakakwana hwewaya uye tambo zvigadzirwa - zvinosanganisira kuvharidzira makomba, sheathing zvinhu, matepi, mafirita, uye shinda - akagadzirirwa kusangana akasiyana siyana uye zviyero, inotsigira yakachengeteka uye inoshanda tambo dhizaini uye kuisirwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-15-2025