Munguva ino yekukura kwemashoko nekukurumidza, tekinoroji yekutaurirana yave chinhu chikuru chinosimudzira kufambira mberi kwevanhu. Kubva pakutaurirana kwemazuva ese nefoni uye internet kusvika kune otomatiki yeindasitiri uye kutarisa kure, tambo dzekutaurirana dzinoshanda se "nzira huru" dzekutumira ruzivo uye dzinoita basa risingakoshi. Pakati pemhando dzakawanda dzetambo dzekutaurirana, tambo ye coaxial inoonekwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakasiyana uye mashandiro ayo epamusoro, ichiramba iri imwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekutumira masaini.
Nhoroondo yetambo yecoaxial inotangira kumagumo kwezana remakore rechi19. Nekubuda nekushanduka kwetekinoroji yekutaurirana neredhiyo, pakanga paine kudiwa kukuru kwetambo inokwanisa kutumira masaini e high-frequency zvinobudirira. Muna 1880, musayendisiti wekuBritain Oliver Heaviside akatanga kupa pfungwa yetambo yecoaxial uye akagadzira chimiro chayo chikuru. Mushure mekuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa, tambo dzecoaxial dzakatanga kushandiswa zvakanyanya munharaunda yekutaurirana, kunyanya muterevhizheni yetambo, kutaurirana kwemafrequency eredhiyo, uye masisitimu eradar.
Zvisinei, patinotarisa kunzvimbo dzegungwa—kunyanya mukati mengarava neinjiniya yegungwa—tambo dzegungwa dzinosangana nematambudziko akawanda. Nzvimbo dzegungwa dzakaoma uye dzinochinja-chinja. Munguva yekufamba, ngarava dzinosangana nekukanganiswa kwemafungu, ngura yemunyu, kuchinja kwekushisa, uye kukanganiswa kwemagetsi. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma aya anoisa kudiwa kwakanyanya pakushanda kwetambo, zvichikonzera tambo dzegungwa dzinoshanda zvakanaka. Dzakagadzirirwa nzvimbo dzegungwa, tambo dzegungwa dzinoshanda zvakanaka uye dzinodzivirira zvakanyanya kukanganiswa kwemagetsi, zvichiita kuti dzikwanise kutapurirana kure uye kutaurirana kwedata nekukurumidza. Kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma egungwa, tambo dzegungwa dzinoshanda zvakanaka dzinogona kutumira masaini zvakadzikama uye zvakavimbika.
Waya ye coaxial yegungwa iwaya yekukurukurirana inoshanda zvakanyanya yakagadzirwa muchimiro uye zvinhu kuti ikwanise kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvenzvimbo dzegungwa. Kana tichienzanisa newaya dze coaxial dzakajairwa, waya dze coaxial dzegungwa dzakasiyana zvakanyanya mukusarudza zvinhu uye dhizaini yechivako.
Chimiro chikuru chewaya ye coaxial yegungwa chine zvikamu zvina: conductor yemukati, insulation layer, conductor yekunze, uye sheath. Dhizaini iyi inobvumira kutapurirana kwemasaini epamusoro-soro zvakanaka uku ichideredza kudzikira kwemasaini uye kupindirana.
Kondakita Yemukati: Kondakita yemukati ndiyo musimboti wetambo ye coaxial yegungwa, inowanzogadzirwa nemhangura yakachena kwazvo. Kufambiswa kwakanaka kweCopper kunoita kuti chiratidzo chisanyanya kurasikirwa panguva yekufambiswa. Dhayamita nechimiro chekondakita yemukati zvakakosha pakushanda kwekutumira uye zvakanyatsogadziriswa kuti ifambiswe zvakanaka mumamiriro egungwa.
Chigadziko cheInsulation: Chiri pakati pemaconductor emukati nekunze, chigadziko cheinsulation chinodzivirira kubuda kwesignali uye ma short circuits. Chigadziko chinofanira kuratidza hunhu hwakanaka hwe dielectric, simba remuchina, uye kuramba ngura ye salt spray, tembiricha yakakwira uye yakaderera. Zvinhu zvakajairika zvinosanganisira PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) uye Foam Polyethylene (Foam PE)—zvose zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumarine coaxial cables nekuda kwekugadzikana uye kushanda kwadzo munzvimbo dzinoda simba.
Kondakita Yekunze: Inoshanda sechikamu chekudzivirira, kondakita yekunze inowanzo kuve netambo yemhangura yakarukwa pamwe chete nealuminium foil. Inodzivirira chiratidzo kubva pakukanganiswa kwemagetsi ekunze (EMI). Mumatambo egungwa ecoaxial, chimiro chekudzivirira chinosimbiswa kuti chirambe zvakanyanya EMI uye chisade kudedera, zvichiita kuti chiratidzo chigadzikane kunyangwe mugungwa rine mhepo yakaoma.
Mupendero: Chidimbu chekunze chinodzivirira tambo kubva mukukuvadzwa kwemakanika uye kusvibiswa nenharaunda. Mupendero wetambo yegungwa inofanira kunge inodzivirira moto, isingakuvadzi, uye isingakuvadzi ngura. Zvinhu zvakajairika zvinosanganisiraisina hutsi hwakanyanya (LSZH)polyolefin uyePVC (polyvinyl chloride)Zvinhu izvi hazvingosarudzirwi chete nekuda kwehunhu hwazvo hwekudzivirira asiwo kuti zvienderane nemitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza gungwa.
Tambo dze coaxial dzemugungwa dzinogona kupatsanurwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana:
Nemaumbirwo:
Waya ye coaxial ine chidzitiro chimwe chete: Ine jira rimwe chete rekudzivirira (rakarukwa kana foil) uye yakakodzera nzvimbo dzakajairwa dzekutumira masaini.
Waya ye coaxial ine chidzitiro chepiri: Ine foil yealuminium uye waya yemhangura yakarukwa mugaba, ichipa dziviriro yakawedzerwa yeEMI—yakanakira nzvimbo dzine ruzha rwemagetsi.
Tambo yesimbi yecoaxial: Inowedzera waya yesimbi kana tepi yesimbi yekudzivirira midziyo yemugungwa kana paine zvinhu zvinonetsa zvakanyanya kana kuti zvinobuda pachena.
Nekuwanda:
Waya ye coaxial ine frequency yakaderera: Yakagadzirirwa masaini ane frequency yakaderera senge data reruzha kana kuti low speed. Waya idzi dzinowanzova neconductor diki uye insulation yakatetepa.
Tambo ye coaxial ine frequency yakakwira: Inoshandiswa pakutumira masaini ane frequency yakakwira senge radar system kana kutaurirana nesatellite, kazhinji ine maconductor akakura uye zvinhu zvinodzivirira mwenje zvine dielectric yakawanda kuti zvideredze kuderera kwesimba uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka.
Nekushandisa:
Tambo ye coaxial ye radar system: Inoda kudzikiswa kwakaderera uye kuramba kwakanyanya kweEMI kuti chiratidzo che radar chitumirwe nemazvo.
Tambo yekukurukurirana nesatellite coaxial: Yakagadzirirwa kutumira mafambiro emhepo ari kure, ane frequency yakakwira uye inodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya.
Waya yekufambisa yegungwa ye coaxial: Inoshandiswa muhurongwa hwekufambisa hunokosha, inoda kuvimbika kwakanyanya, kuramba kudedera, uye kuramba ngura yemunyu.
Waya ye coaxial system yevaraidzo yemugungwa: Inotumira masaini eTV neodhiyo mungarava uye inoda kuvimbika kwakanaka kwechiratidzo uye kuramba kupindira.
Zvinodiwa paKushanda:
Kuti tambo dzegungwa dze coaxial dzishande zvakanaka uye zvakavimbika, dzinofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana:
Kuramba Kupfapfaidza Munyu: Kuwanda kwemunyu munzvimbo dzemugungwa kunokonzera ngura yakasimba. Zvinhu zvemugungwa zvinofanirwa kuramba ngura yekupfapfaidza munyu kuti zvisaparare kwenguva refu.
Kuramba Kukanganiswa Kwemagetsi: Ngarava dzinogadzira EMI yakasimba kubva kumasisitimu akawanda ari mungarava. Zvishandiso zvekudzivirira zvinoshanda zvakanyanya uye zvivakwa zvekudzivirira kaviri zvinoita kuti chiratidzo chiendeswe zvakanaka.
Kuramba Kudedera: Kufamba mugungwa kunokonzera kudedera nguva dzose. Tambo yegungwa inofanira kunge yakasimba kuti irambe ichifamba uye ichivhunduka nguva dzose.
Kuramba Kupisa: Nekupisa kuri pakati pe -40°C kusvika +70°C munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzegungwa, tambo yegungwa ye coaxial inofanira kuramba ichishanda zvakanaka mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.
Kudzivirira Murazvo: Kana moto ukabvira, tambo dzinopisa hadzifanirwe kuburitsa utsi hwakawandisa kana magasi ane chepfu. Nokudaro, tambo dzegungwa dzinoshandisa zvinhu zvisina halogen ine utsi hushoma zvinoenderana neIEC 60332 inodzivirira murazvo, uye IEC 60754-1/2 uye IEC 61034-1/2 ine utsi hushoma, isina halogen.
Pamusoro pezvo, tambo dzegungwa dzinofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakasimba kubva kuInternational Maritime Organization (IMO) uye masangano ekupatsanura akadai seDNV, ABS, uye CCS, zvichiona kushanda kwadzo uye kuchengetedzeka mukushandiswa kwadzo kwakakosha mugungwa.
Nezve DZIMWE NYIKA
ONE WORLD inonyanya kugadzira zvinhu zvekugadzira waya netambo. Isu tinopa zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvetambo dzecoaxial, zvinosanganisira tepi yemhangura, tepi yearuminiyamu yeMylar, uye LSZH compounds, zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukushandiswa kwemvura, telecom, uye magetsi. Nerutsigiro rwakavimbika uye rwehunyanzvi, tinoshandira vagadziri vetambo pasi rese.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-26-2025