Muinjiniya yemagetsi uye kuisirwa kwemidziyo yemaindasitiri, kusarudza mhando isiriyo ye "high-voltage tambo" kana "yakaderera-voltage tambo" inogona kutungamira mukutadza kwemidziyo, kudzimwa kwemagetsi, uye kumira kwekugadzira, kana kunyangwe tsaona dzekuchengetedza muzviitiko zvakakomba. Zvisineyi, vanhu vazhinji vanongove nekunzwisisa kwepamusoro pemisiyano yezvimiro pakati pezviviri uye kazhinji vanosarudza zvichibva pane zvakaitika kana kuti “kuchengeta mari” kufunga, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kwadzokororwa.Kusarudza tambo isiriyo hakungokonzeri kusashanda zvakanaka kwemidziyo asiwo kukonzeresa njodzi dzinogona kuitika.
1. Structural Analysis: High-Voltage vs Low-Voltage Cables
Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga, "Matambo e-high-voltage angori tambo dzakakora-low-voltage," asi kutaura zvazviri, dhizaini yavo ine misiyano yakakosha, uye yese layer inonyatso kuchinjirwa kune voltage level. Kuti unzwisise mutsauko, tanga netsananguro dze "high-voltage" uye "low-voltage":
Low-voltage cables: Rated voltage ≤ 1 kV (kazhinji 0.6 / 1 kV), inonyanya kushandiswa pakuvaka kugovera uye midziyo miduku magetsi;
High-voltage cables: Rated voltage ≥ 1 kV (kazhinji 6 kV, 10 kV, 35 kV, 110 kV), inoshandiswa pakufambisa magetsi, zviteshi, uye midziyo mikuru yemaindasitiri.
(1) Muitisi: Kwete “Mukobvu” asi “Nyaya Dzakachena”
Low-voltage cable conductors anowanzo kugadzirwa neakawanda-stranded tambo dzemhangura yakanaka (semuenzaniso, 19 tambo muBV waya), kunyanya kusangana ne "ikozvino-kutakura simba" zvinodiwa;
Yakakwira-voltage tambo conductor, kunyangwe iine mhangura kana aluminium, ine kuchena kwepamusoro (≥99.95%) uye kutora "compact round stranding" maitiro (kuderedza voids) kudzikisa conductor surface kuramba uye kuderedza "ganda maitiro" pasi pemhepo yakakwira (ikozvino inotarisisa pane conductor pamusoro, zvichikonzera kupisa).
(2) Insulation Layer: The Core of High-Voltage Cables' “Multi-Layer Protection”
Low-voltage cable insulation layers dzakatetepa (semuenzaniso, 0.6/1 kV cable insulation ukobvu ~3.4 mm), kazhinji PVC kanaXLPE, zvikurukuru ichibatira “kuparadzanisa muitisi nechokunze”;
High-voltage cable insulation layers dzakakora zvakanyanya (6 kV tambo ~ 10 mm, 110 kV kusvika 20 mm) uye inofanirwa kupasa bvunzo dzakasimba senge "simba frequency kushingirira voltage" uye "mheni inomira inomira voltage." Zvinotonyanya kukosha, tambo dzepamusoro-voltage dzinowedzera matepi ekudzivirira mvura uye semi-conductive layers mukati mekuvhara:
Mvura inovhara tepi: Inodzivirira kupinda kwemvura (unyoro pasi pemhepo yakakwirira inogona kukonzera "muti wemvura," zvichiita kuti kuparara kwekudzivirira);
Semi-conductive layer: Inovimbisa yunifomu yemagetsi kugoverwa kwemunda (inodzivirira nharaunda yenzvimbo, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kubuda).
Data: Iyo insulation layer inotora 40% -50% yehigh-voltage cable mutengo (chete 15% -20% yeyakaderera-voltage), ndicho chikonzero chikuru nei tambo dzemagetsi akakwira achidhura.
(3) Shielding uye Metallic Sheath: Iyo "Zvombo Dzinopesana Nekupindira" yeHigh-Voltage Cables.
Tambo dzepasi-voltage kazhinji hadzina chinodzivirira (kunze kwetambo dzechiratidzo), nemabhachi ekunze kazhinji PVC kana polyethylene;
High-voltage cables (kunyanya ≥6 kV) inofanira kuva nesimbi inodzivirira (semuenzaniso,tepi yemhangura, copper braid) nemasheaths esimbi (semuenzaniso, sheath ye lead, corrugated aluminium sheath):
Metallic shielding: Inomanikidza yakakwira-voltage munda mukati meiyo insulation layer, inoderedza electromagnetic interference (EMI), uye inopa nzira yekukanganisa ikozvino;
Metallic sheath: Inokwidziridza simba remagetsi (kusimba uye kupwanya kuramba) uye inoita se "grounding shield," zvichiwedzera kudzikisira kusimba kwemunda.
(4) Outer Jacket: More Rugged for High-Voltage Cables
Low-voltage cable jackets anonyanya kudzivirira kubva pakupfeka uye kuora;
High-voltage tambo mabhachi anofanira kuwedzera kuramba mafuta, kutonhora, ozone, nezvimwewo (semuenzaniso, PVC + weather-resistant additives). Kushandiswa kwakakosha (semuenzaniso, tambo dzepasi pemvura) kungangodawo simbi yekudzivirira simbi (kuramba kudzvinyirirwa kwemvura uye kusagadzikana kwekumanikidza).
2. 3 “Misungo” Yakakosha Yekunzvenga Pakusarudza Matambo
Mushure mekunzwisisa kusiyana kwemaitiro, iwe unofanirawo kudzivisa iyi "misungo yakavanzwa" panguva yekusarudza; kana zvisina kudaro, mari inogona kuwedzera, kana zviitiko zvekuchengetedza zvinogona kuitika.
(1) Kutsvaga Upofu "Giredhi Repamusoro" kana "Mutengo Wakachipa"
Mafungiro asiriwo: Vamwe vanofunga kuti “kushandisa tambo dzine simba guru pane kushandisa low-voltage kune ngozi,” kana kuti vanoshandisa tambo dzine simba shoma kuti vachengetedze mari.
Ngozi: High-voltage cables inodhura zvakanyanya; zvisina kufanira high-voltage kusarudzwa kunowedzera bhajeti. Kushandisa tambo dze low-voltage mumamiriro e-high-voltage kunogona kupaza insulation pakarepo, zvichikonzera masekete mapfupi, moto, kana kuisa vashandi pangozi.
Nzira Yakarurama: Sarudza zvichibva padanho chairo revoltage uye zvinodiwa nemagetsi, semuenzaniso, magetsi emumba (220V/380V) anoshandisa tambo dze low-voltage, maindasitiri akakwira-voltage motors (10 kV) anofanirwa kuenderana netambo dzemagetsi akakwira - haambo "kudzikisira" kana "kusimudzira" asingaoni.
(2) Kuregeredza "Kukuvadza Kwakavanzika" kubva Kunzvimbo
Mafungiro asiriwo: Ingofunga nezve voltage, furatira zvakatipoteredza, semuenzaniso, kushandisa tambo dzakajairwa mune hunyoro, kutonhora kwepamusoro, kana makemikari ekuora.
Njodzi: High-voltage tambo munzvimbo dzine hunyoro dzine nhovo dzakakuvadzwa kana mabhachi anogona kusangana nekudzivirira kuchembera kwemvura; tambo dzepasi-voltage munzvimbo dzinopisa (semuenzaniso, makamuri ebhailer) anogona kupfava nekutadza.
Nzira Yakarurama: Rondedzera mamiriro ekuisa - tambo dzezvombo dzekuisirwa kuvigwa, tambo dzisina mvura dzehondo dzepasi pemvura, yakakwirira-yekushisa yakayerwa zvinhu (XLPE ≥90 ℃) yenzvimbo dzinopisa, mabhachi asingadziviriri mumiti yemakemikari.
(3) Kuregeredza Kufananidzwa kwe "Iyezvino-Kutakura Kugona uye Kuisa Nzira"
Zvisizvo: Ingotarisa padanho revoltage, furatira tambo iripo (yepamusoro inotenderwa ikozvino) kana over-compress/bend panguva yekuisa.
Njodzi: Kusakwana kwazvino kugona kunokonzera kupisa uye kunomhanyisa kuchembera kuchembera; kubhenda kwakashata kwetambo dzemagetsi akakwira (semuenzaniso, kudhonza nesimba, kukotama zvakanyanyisa) kunogona kukuvadza nhovo nekudzivirira, zvichigadzira njodzi dzekuputsika.
Nzira Yakarurama: Sarudza mitsara yetambo inobva pane yakaverengwa chaiyo ikozvino (funga kutanga ikozvino, ambient tembiricha); kunyatsotevera kubhenda radius zvinodiwa panguva yekuisa (yakakwira-voltage tambo yekubhenda radius kazhinji ≥15 × kondakita wekunze dhayamita), dzivirira kudzvanywa uye kuratidzwa nezuva.
3. Rangarira 3 "Golden Mitemo" Kunzvenga Kusarura Misungo
(1) Tarisa Chimiro Chinopesana nemagetsi:
High-voltage cable insulation uye shielding layers ndiwo musimboti; low-voltage cables haidi over-design.
(2) Matanidza Magiredhi Zvakakodzera:
Voltage, simba, uye zvakatipoteredza zvinofanirwa kuenderana; usaite upofu kusimudzira kana kudzikisira.
(3) Chengetedza Details Against Standards:
Ikozvino-yekutakura kugona, kubhenda radius, uye nhanho yekudzivirira inofanirwa kutevedzera mazinga enyika - usavimbe neruzivo chete.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-29-2025