Mukugadzira michina yemagetsi nemidziyo yeindasitiri, kusarudza mhando isiriyo ye "tambo ine voltage yakawanda" kana "tambo ine voltage shoma" kunogona kukonzera kutadza kwemidziyo, kudzimwa kwemagetsi, uye kumira kwekugadzira, kana kunyange tsaona dzekuchengetedza muzviitiko zvakakomba. Zvisinei, vanhu vazhinji vanongonzwisisa zvishoma musiyano wechimiro pakati pezviviri izvi uye vanowanzo sarudza zvichibva pane zvakaitika kana "kuchengetedza mari", zvichikonzera zvikanganiso zvinodzokororwa. Kusarudza tambo isina kururama kunogona kwete kungokonzera kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kwemidziyo chete asiwo kugadzira njodzi dzekuchengetedza. Nhasi, ngatikurukurei musiyano mukuru pakati padzo ne "matambudziko" matatu makuru aunofanira kudzivirira panguva yekusarudza.
1. Kuongorora Zvivako: Matambo eHigh-Voltage vs Low-Voltage
Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti, "Mawaya ane simba guru ingori tambo dzakakora dzine simba shoma," asi kutaura chokwadi, magadzirirwo adzo ane musiyano mukuru, uye jira rega rega rakanyatsoenderana nedanho remagetsi. Kuti unzwisise musiyano, tanga netsananguro dze "high-voltage" uye "low-voltage":
Tambo dzine voltage shoma: Voltage yakayerwa ≤ 1 kV (kazhinji 0.6/1 kV), inonyanya kushandiswa pakugovera zvivako uye magetsi emidziyo midiki;
Tambo dzemagetsi ane simba guru: Voltage ine simba remagetsi ≥ 1 kV (inowanzova 6 kV, 10 kV, 35 kV, 110 kV), inoshandiswa pakutumira magetsi, zviteshi zvemagetsi, uye michina mikuru yeindasitiri.
(1) Muitisi: Kwete "Kobvu" asi "Kuchena Kunokosha"
Maconductor etambo dzine voltage shoma anowanzogadzirwa newaya dzemhangura dzakapfava dzine tambo dzakawanda (semuenzaniso, tambo gumi nepfumbamwe muwaya dzeBV), kunyanya kuti dzisvike pazvinodiwa "zvekukwanisa kutakura magetsi";
Madhaivha emagetsi ane simba guru, kunyangwe ari emhangura kana aruminiyamu, ane kuchena kwakanyanya (≥99.95%) uye anoshandisa nzira ye "compact round stranding" (kuderedza ma voids) kuderedza kuramba kwe conductor pamusoro uye kuderedza "ganda" kana paine voltage yakakwira (current concentrates pamusoro pe conductor, zvichikonzera kupisa).
(2) Chigadziko Chekudzivirira: Chinhu Chinoumba "Dziviriro Yemachira Akawanda" Emagetsi Ane Voltage Yakawanda
Matayi ekudzivirira tambo ane voltage shoma akatetepa (semuenzaniso, ukobvu hwekudzivirira tambo hwe0.6/1 kV ~3.4 mm), kunyanya PVC kanaXLPE, zvichinyanya kushanda "kuparadzanisa kondakita kubva kunze";
Matayi ekudzivirira tambo ane voltage yakakura akakora zvakanyanya (tambo ye6 kV ~10 mm, 110 kV kusvika 20 mm) uye anofanira kupasa miedzo yakaoma yakadai se "power frequency standing voltage" uye "lightning impulse standing voltage." Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti tambo dzine voltage yakawanda dzinowedzera matepi anovhara mvura uye matayi e semi-conductive mukati me insulation:
Tepi inovhara mvura: Inodzivirira kupinda kwemvura (hunyoro pasi pemagetsi akawandisa hunogona kukonzera "kuoma kwemvura," zvichikonzera kuputsika kwekudzivirira mvura);
Semi-conductive layer: Inoita kuti magetsi aenderane (inodzivirira kuwanda kwemagetsi munharaunda, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuburitswa kwemagetsi).
Data: Chidzitiro chekudzivirira kupisa chinokwana 40%-50% yemari yetambo ine voltage yakawanda (15%-20% chete yemagetsi mashoma), ndicho chikonzero chikuru chinoita kuti tambo dzine voltage yakawanda dzidhure.
(3) Chidziviriro uye Mugoba weSimbi: "Chidziviriro Chekudzivirira Kukanganiswa" Kwetambo Dzine Voltage Yakawanda
Tambo dzine simba shoma hadzina jira rekudzivirira (kunze kwetambo dzemasaini), uye majaketi ekunze akawanda ari PVC kana polyethylene;
Tambo dzine simba guru (kunyanya ≥6 kV) dzinofanira kunge dziine simbi inodzivira (semuenzaniso,tepi yemhangura, mhangura yakarukwa) uye simbi dzakarukwa (semuenzaniso, jira remutobvu, jira rearuminiyamu rakarukwa):
Kudzivirira kwesimbi: Kunovhara simba remagetsi rine simba guru mukati me insulation layer, kunoderedza electromagnetic interference (EMI), uye kunopa nzira ye fault current;
Chivharo chesimbi: Chinowedzera simba remuchina (kusimba kwekukwesha nekupwanya) uye chinoshanda se "chinodzivirira pasi," zvichideredza simba rekudzivirira kupisa.
(4) Jaketi Rekunze: Rakasimba Kuti Tambo Dzive Nemagetsi Akawanda
Majaketi etambo ane simba shoma anodzivirira kubva pakusakara nekuora;
Majaketi etambo ane simba guru anofanirawo kudzivirira mafuta, kutonhora, ozone, nezvimwewo (semuenzaniso, PVC + zvinowedzerwa zvinodzivirira mamiriro ekunze). Mashandisirwo akakosha (semuenzaniso, tambo dzemugungwa) angadawo simbi yekudzivirira waya (inodzivirira kumanikidzwa kwemvura uye kumanikidzwa kwekumanikidzwa).
2. "Misungo" Mitatu Yakakosha Yekudzivirira Pakusarudza Matambo
Mushure mekunzwisisa musiyano wemaumbirwo, unofanirawo kudzivirira "misungo yakavanzika" iyi panguva yekusarudza; zvikasadaro, mitengo inogona kuwedzera, kana kuti zviitiko zvekuchengetedza zvinogona kuitika.
(1) Kutsvaga "Magiredhi Epamusoro" kana "Mutengo Wakachipa" Usingafungi
Mafungiro Asiriwo: Vamwe vanofunga kuti "kushandisa tambo dzine simba guru panzvimbo pekushandisa tambo dzine simba shoma kwakachengeteka," kana kuti vanoshandisa tambo dzine simba shoma kuchengetedza mari.
Njodzi: Tambo dzemagetsi ane simba guru dzinodhura zvakanyanya; kusarudza ma "high voltage" kusingakoshi kunowedzera bhajeti. Kushandisa tambo dzemagetsi ane simba shoma mumamiriro ezvinhu ane simba guru kunogona kukanganisa insulation ipapo ipapo, zvichikonzera ma "short circuits", moto, kana kuisa vashandi munjodzi.
Maitiro Akarurama: Sarudza zvichibva padanho chairo remagetsi uye zvinodiwa nesimba, semuenzaniso, magetsi epamba (220V/380V) anoshandisa tambo dzine simba shoma, mota dzemagetsi epamusoro (10 kV) dzinofanira kuenderana netambo dzine simba guru — hadzimbo "dzikisira" kana "kusimudzira" zvisina kujeka.
(2) Kuregeredza "Kukuvadzwa Kwakavanzika" Kubva Kunharaunda
Pfungwa isiriyo: Funga nezvemagetsi chete, funga nezvenharaunda, semuenzaniso, kushandisa tambo dzakajairika mumamiriro ekunze ane hunyoro, tembiricha yakakwira, kana makemikari anoparadza.
Njodzi: Tambo dzine simba guru remagetsi munzvimbo dzine hunyoro dzine zvidzitiro kana majaketi akakuvara dzinogona kuchembera hunyoro hwemvura inodziya; tambo dzine simba shoma remagetsi munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakakwira (semuenzaniso, dzimba dzemabhaira) dzinogona kupfava uye kutadza kushanda.
Maitiro Akarurama: Rondedzera mamiriro ekuisa — tambo dzakadzivirirwa dzekuisa dzakavigwa, tambo dzakadzivirirwa dzisingapindi mvura dzemumvura, zvinhu zvinopisa zvakanyanya (XLPE ≥90℃) munzvimbo dzinopisa, majaketi anodzivirira ngura mumiti yemakemikari.
(3) Kuregeredza Kuenzaniswa kwe "Kugona Kutakura Iye Zvino uye Nzira Yekuisa"
Pfungwa isiriyo: Ingotarisa pahuwandu hwemagetsi chete, usatarisa kugona kwemagetsi etambo (magetsi anobvumidzwa zvakanyanya) kana kudzvanya zvakanyanya/kukombama panguva yekuisa.
Njodzi: Kusakwana kwesimba remagetsi kunokonzera kupisa zvakanyanya uye kukurumidzisa kukwegura kwemidziyo yekudzivirira kupisa; nharaunda isina kunaka yekukombama kwetambo dzine voltage yakawanda (semuenzaniso, kudhonza kwakasimba, kukotama zvakanyanya) zvinogona kukanganisa dziviriro nekudzivirira kupisa, zvichikonzera njodzi yekuputsika.
Maitiro Akarurama: Sarudza zvinodiwa netambo zvichibva pamagetsi chaiwo akaverengerwa (funga nezvemagetsi ekutanga, tembiricha yemhepo); nyatsotevedzera zvinodiwa neradius yekukombama panguva yekuisa (radius yekukombama yetambo ine voltage yakawanda inowanzo ≥15× dhayamita yekunze yemuchina), dzivisa kudzvanywa uye kupiswa nezuva.
3. Yeuka "Mitemo Mitatu Yegoridhe" Yekudzivirira Njodzi Dzekusarudza
(1) Tarisa Maumbirwo Awo Kana Achienzaniswa Nemagetsi:
Kudzivirira tambo dzine simba guru uye jira rekudzivirira ndiro riri pakati; tambo dzine simba shoma hadzidi kugadzirwa zvakanyanya.
(2) Magiredhi Anoenderana Zvakakodzera:
Voltage, simba, uye nharaunda zvinofanira kuenderana; usasimudzira kana kudzikisa simba rako usingafungi.
(3) Simbisa Ruzivo Zvichienderana Nezvinodiwa:
Kukwanisa kutakura magetsi, nzvimbo yekukombama, uye dziviriro zvinofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yenyika — usavimba neruzivo chete.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-29-2025