1 Nhanganyaya
Nekukurumidza kukura kwehunyanzvi hwekutaurirana mumakore gumi apfuura kana zvakadaro, ndima yekushandiswa kwetambo dzefiber optic yanga ichikura. Sezvo zvinodiwa zvezvakatipoteredza zvefiber optic tambo zvichiramba zvichiwedzera, ndizvo zvinoitawo zvinodiwa zvemhando yemidziyo inoshandiswa mumatambo efiber optic. Fiber optic tambo yemvura-inovharira tepi chinhu chakajairika chekuvhara mvura chinoshandiswa mufiber optic cable indasitiri, basa rekuisa chisimbiso, kudzivirira mvura, hunyoro uye kuchengetedzwa kwebuffer mufiber optic tambo yave ichizivikanwa zvakanyanya, uye mhando nekuita kwayo zvave zvichienderera. yakagadziridzwa uye yakakwana nekuvandudzwa kwefiber optic cable. Mumakore achangopfuura, chimiro che "dry core" chakaunzwa mu optical cable. Rudzi urwu rwetambo yemvura inodzivirira zvinhu kazhinji inosanganiswa tepi, shinda kana coating kudzivirira mvura kuti isapinda mukati metambo yetambo. Nekukura kwekugamuchirwa kweakaoma core fiber optic tambo, yakaoma core fiber optic cable zvinhu zviri kukurumidza kutsiva yechinyakare petroleum jelly-based cable yekuzadza makomisheni. Iyo yakaoma yepakati zvinhu inoshandisa polima inokurumidza kutora mvura kuumba hydrogel, iyo inoputika uye inozadza nzira dzekupinda dzemvura dzetambo. Uye zvakare, sezvo iyo yakaoma yepakati zvinhu isina mafuta anonamira, hapana kupukuta, zvinonyungudutsa kana kuchenesa zvinodikanwa kugadzirira tambo yekubatanidza, uye nguva yekubatanidza tambo inoderedzwa zvakanyanya. Uremu huremu hwetambo uye kunamatira kwakanaka pakati pekunze kwekusimbisa shinda uye sheath haina kuderedzwa, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakakurumbira.
2 Kukanganisa kwemvura patambo uye nzira yekudzivirira mvura
Chikonzero chikuru nei nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudzivirira mvura dzinofanira kutorwa ndechekuti mvura inopinda mutambo inoora kuita hydrogen uye OH ions, izvo zvinowedzera kurasikirwa kwekutapurirana kwefiber optical, kuderedza kushanda kwefiber uye kupfupisa hupenyu hwetambo. Maitiro akajairika ekuvharisa mvura ari kuzadza ne petroleum paste uye kuwedzera mvura-kuvharira tepi, iyo inozadzwa mukaha pakati petambo core uye sheath kudzivirira mvura nehunyoro kubva kupararira vertically, nekudaro ichiita basa mukuvhara mvura.
Kana masynthetic resins achishandiswa muhuwandu hukuru sezvidziviriro mufiber optic tambo (kutanga mumatambo), izvi zvinodzivirira zvinhu zvakare hazvidzivirirwe nekupinda kwemvura. Kuumbwa kwe "miti yemvura" mu insulating material ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekukanganisa kwekuita kwekufambisa. Iyo nzira iyo iyo insulating material inobatwa nemiti yemvura inowanzotsanangurwa sezvinotevera: nekuda kwesimba rakasimba remagetsi (imwe pfungwa ndeyokuti kemikari ye resin inoshandurwa nekubuda kusina simba kwemaerekitironi akakurumidza), mamorekuru emvura anopinda mukati. kuburikidza nenhamba dzakasiyana dze micro-pores dziripo mune sheathing zvinhu zvefiber optic tambo. Mamorekuru emvura achapinda kuburikidza nenhamba yakasiyana-siyana ye micro-pores mu cable sheath material, ichiita "miti yemvura", zvishoma nezvishoma ichiunganidza mvura yakawanda uye ichipararira muhurefu hwetambo, uye inokanganisa kushanda kwetambo. Mushure memakore ekutsvakurudza kwenyika dzakawanda uye kuedza, pakati pemakore ekuma1980, kuwana nzira yekubvisa nzira yakanakisisa yekugadzira miti yemvura, kureva, pamberi petambo extrusion yakaputirwa mumucheka wekunyura kwemvura uye kuwedzera kwechivharo chemvura kuti inhibit. uye kuderedza kukura kwemiti yemvura, kuvhara mvura mutambo mukati mekupararira kwelongitudinal; panguva imwechete, nekuda kwekukuvadza kwekunze uye kupindira kwemvura, chivharo chemvura chinogonawo kukurumidza kuvhara mvura, kwete kupararira kwenguva refu kwetambo.
3 Mhedziso yetambo yemvura barriers
3. 1 Kurongwa kwefiber optic cable zvipingamupinyi zvemvura
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuisa optical tambo yemvura zvipingamupinyi, izvo zvinogona kuverengerwa zvinoenderana nechimiro chavo, mhando uye ukobvu. Kazhinji, ivo vanogona kuverengerwa zvinoenderana nechimiro chavo: kaviri-sided laminated waterstop, single-sided coated waterstop uye composite film waterstop. Basa rekuvharira mvura kwechivharo chemvura rinonyanya kukonzerwa neiyo yakakwira mvura yekunyudza (inonzi chipingamupinyi chemvura), iyo inogona kuzvimba nekukurumidza mushure mekunge chivharo chemvura chasangana nemvura, ichigadzira vhoriyamu yakakura yegel (chivharo chemvura chinogona kutora mazana enguva yakawanda. mvura kupfuura iyo pachayo), nokudaro kudzivirira kukura kwemuti wemvura uye kudzivirira kuenderera mberi kwekupinda uye kupararira kwemvura. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvose zvakasikwa uye zvemakemikari zvakagadziriswa polysaccharides.
Kunyangwe aya echisikigo kana semi-yechisikigo emvura-blockers ane zvakanaka zvivakwa, ane maviri anouraya akashata:
1) iwo anogona kuparara uye 2) anogona kupisa zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvisaite kuti zvishandiswe mune fiber optic cable zvinhu. Imwe mhando yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira mumvura inopikisa inomiririrwa ne polyacrylates, iyo inogona kushandiswa semvura inopikisa kune tambo dzemaziso nokuti dzinosangana nezvinodiwa zvinotevera: 1) kana yakaoma, inogona kupikisa kushushikana kunowanikwa panguva yekugadzirwa kwetambo dzemaziso;
2) kana yakaoma, vanogona kumira nemamiriro ekushanda kwetambo dzemaziso (kupisa bhasikoro kubva muimba yekupisa kusvika ku90 ° C) pasina kukanganisa hupenyu hwetambo, uye vanogonawo kumira kutonhora kwakanyanya kwenguva pfupi;
3) kana mvura ichipinda, vanogona kuzvimba nekukurumidza uye kugadzira gel nekukurumidza kwekuwedzera.
4) gadzira gel yakanyanya viscous, kunyangwe pakupisa kwepamusoro viscosity yegel yakagadzikana kwenguva yakareba.
Kusanganiswa kwezvinodzingisa mvura zvinogona kukamurwa zvakafara kuita zvechinyakare makemikari nzira - reversed-phase nzira (mvura-mu-oiri polymerization cross-linking nzira), yavo yemuchinjikwa-inobatanidza polymerization nzira - disk nzira, irradiation nzira - "cobalt 60" γ -ray nzira. Nzira yekubatanidza nzira inobva pa "cobalt 60" γ-radiation nzira. Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzira dzine madhigirii akasiyana epolymerisation uye kuyambuka-kubatanidza uye nekudaro zvakanyanya kusimba zvinodiwa kune inovharira mvura mumiriri inodiwa mumatepi anovharira mvura. Mapolyacrylates mashoma chete anogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvina zviri pamusoro, maererano neruzivo runoshanda, maajenti ekuvharisa mvura (mvura-anonwisa resin) haagone kushandiswa seyakagadziriswa chikamu chimwe chete che cross-linked sodium polyacrylate, inofanira kushandiswa mu multi-polymer cross-linking nzira (kureva yakasiyana-siyana yechikamu chemuchinjikwa-yakabatanidzwa sodium polyacrylate mix) kuitira kuzadzisa chinangwa chekukurumidza uye yakakwira mvura yakawanda. Izvo zvinodiwa zvakakosha ndezvi: mvura inonwisa yakawanda inogona kusvika nguva dze400, chiyero chemvura chinogona kusvika paminiti yekutanga kutora 75% yemvura inobatwa nemvura inopikisa; mvura inopikisa kuomesa kugadzikana kwekushisa kwezvinodiwa: nguva yakareba yekushisa kwekushisa kwe90 ° C, kupisa kwakanyanya kwekushanda kwe160 ° C, pakarepo kupisa kwekushisa kwe230 ° C (kunyanya kukosha kune photoelectric composite cable ine zviratidzo zvemagetsi); kunyura kwemvura mushure mekugadzirwa kwegel kugadzikana zvinodiwa: mushure memazuva akawanda ekupisa (20 ° C ~ 95 ° C) Kugadzikana kwejeri mushure mekutora mvura kunoda: high viscosity gel uye gel simba mushure mekufamba kwemazuva akawanda (20 ° C kusvika 95 °). C). Kugadzikana kwejeri kunosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nenzira yekubatanidza uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa nemugadziri. Panguva imwecheteyo, kwete kukurumidza kuwedzera kwekuwedzera, zviri nani, zvimwe zvigadzirwa kutsvaga-kurutivi kutsvaga kumhanya, kushandiswa kwezvinowedzera hazvibatsiri kune hydrogel kugadzikana, kuparadzwa kwesimba rekuchengetedza mvura, asi kwete kuwana mhedzisiro kudzivirira mvura.
3. 3 maitiro emvura-yekuvhara tepi Setambo mukugadzira, kuyedza, kutakura, kuchengetedza uye kushandiswa kweiyo nzira yekumira bvunzo yezvakatipoteredza, saka kubva pakuona kwekushandiswa kwetambo yemaziso, tambo yekuvhara mvura tepi. zvinodiwa ndezvizvi:
1) kutaridzika kwefiber kugovera, composite zvinhu pasina delamination uye hupfu, ine imwe mechanical simba, yakakodzera kune zvinodiwa netambo;
2) yunifomu, inodzokororwa, yakagadzikana mhando, mukuumbwa kwetambo haizodzivisirwe uye kuburitsa.
3) kudzvanywa kwekuwedzera kukuru, kukurumidza kuwedzera kumhanya, kugadzikana kwakanaka kwegel;
4) kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekushisa, kwakakodzera kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotevera kugadzirisa;
5) kugadzikana kwekemikari yakakwirira, haina chero zvikamu zvinopisa, zvinopesana nemabhakitiriya uye kukukurwa kwe mold;
6) kuenderana kwakanaka nezvimwe zvinhu zve optical tambo, oxidation kuramba, nezvimwe.
4 Optical tambo yemvura inodzivirira kuita zviyero
Nhamba huru yemigumisiro yekutsvakurudza inoratidza kuti kusagadzikana kwemvura kudzivisa kugadzikana kwenguva refu kwetambo yekufambisa kwetambo kuchaunza kukuvadza kukuru. Kukuvadza uku, mukugadzira uye kuongorora kwefekitori ye optical fiber tambo yakaoma kuwana, asi zvishoma nezvishoma ichaonekwa mukuita kwekuisa tambo mushure mekushandisa. Naizvozvo, kukwidziridzwa kwakakodzera uye kwakaringana bvunzo zviyero, kuwana hwaro hwekuongororwa kwevose mapato vanogona kugamuchira, rave basa rekukurumidzira. Kutsvakurudza kwakawanda kwemunyori, kuongorora uye kuedza pamabhanhire ekudzivirira mvura kwakapa humbowo hwakakwana hwekugadzirwa kwehutano hwehutano hwemabhanhire ekudzivirira mvura. Sarudza maitiro ekuita kweiyo mvura inovharira kukosha kwakavakirwa pane zvinotevera:
1) zvinodikanwa zveiyo optical tambo yakajairwa yekumira kwemvura (kunyanya izvo zvinodikanwa zveiyo optical tambo zvinhu mune optical tambo standard);
2) ruzivo mukugadzira uye kushandiswa kwezvipingamupinyi zvemvura uye mishumo yakakodzera yebvunzo;
3) tsvagiridzo inoguma pamusoro pesimba rehunhu hwematepi ekuvhara mvura pakuita kwetambo dze optical fiber.
4. 1 Chitarisiko
Kuonekwa kwe tepi yekudzivirira mvura inofanira kugoverwa zvakaenzana fibers; nzvimbo yacho inofanira kunge yakadzikama uye isina makwinya, creases uye misodzi; hapafaniri kuva nekupatsanurwa muhupamhi hwe tepi; iyo inoumbwa zvinhu inofanira kunge isina delamination; iyo tepi inofanira kunge yakanyatsokuvadzwa uye micheto yematepi inobatwa nemaoko inofanira kunge yakasununguka kubva ku "shanga hat shape".
4.2 Mechanical simba remvura inomira
Kusimba kwekusimba kwechigadziko chemvura kunoenderana nenzira yekugadzira tepi yepolyester isiri-yakarukwa, pasi pemamiriro akafanana ehuwandu, iyo viscose nzira iri nani pane inopisa-yakakungurutswa nzira yekugadzira chigadzirwa kusimba kwesimba, ukobvu zvakare hwakatetepa. Kusimba kwekusimba kwetepi yekudzivirira mvura kunosiyana zvichienderana nemaputirirwo etambo kana kuputirwa netambo.
Ichi chiratidzo chakakosha kune maviri emabhandi ekuvhara mvura, ayo nzira yekuyedza inofanirwa kubatanidzwa nemudziyo, mvura uye maitiro ekuyedza. Iyo huru-yekuvhara mvura mutepi inovharira mvura ine chikamu che-cross-linked sodium polyacrylate uye zvinobva zvabuda, izvo zvine hanya nekuumbwa uye chimiro chemhando yemhando yemvura zvinodiwa, kuitira kubatanidza mwero wekuzvimba kureba kwemvura- kuvhara tepi, kushandiswa kwemvura yakasvibiswa kuchakunda (mvura yakasvibiswa inoshandiswa mukupokana), nokuti hapana anionic uye cationic chikamu mumvura yakasvibiswa, iyo inonyanya mvura yakachena. Kuwedzerwa kwekuwedzera kwemvura inopinza resin mumhando dzakasiyana dzemvura inosiyana zvakanyanya, kana iyo yekuwedzeredza yekuwedzera mumvura yakachena iri 100% yezita rekukosha; mumvura yepombi ndeye 40% kusvika 60% (zvichienderana nemhando yemvura yenzvimbo imwe neimwe); mumvura yegungwa i12%; mvura yepasi pevhu kana mvura yegomba yakanyanya kuoma, zvakaoma kuona chikamu chekutora, uye kukosha kwayo kuchave kwakaderera. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekudzivirira kwemvura uye hupenyu hwetambo, zviri nani kushandisa tepi yekudzivirira mvura ine kukwirira kwekuzvimba kwe> 10mm.
4.3Emagetsi zvinhu
Kazhinji kutaura, tambo yemaziso haina kutapurirana kwemagetsi esimbi waya, saka usabatanidze kushandisa semi-conducting resistance water tepi, chete 33 Wang Qiang, nezvimwewo: optical cable water resistance tepi.
Electrical composite cable pamberi pekuvapo kwezviratidzo zvemagetsi, zvinodiwa zvakananga maererano nekugadzirwa kwetambo nekontrakiti.
4.4 Thermal kugadzikana Mazhinji emhando dzematepi anovharira mvura anogona kusangana nezvinodiwa kugadzikana kwekupisa: kushivirira kwenguva refu kwe90 ° C, tembiricha yepamusoro yekushanda ye160 ° C, kukurumidza kupisa kwekudzivirira kwe230 ° C. Kuitwa kwe tepi yekuvhara mvura hakufaniri kuchinja mushure menguva yakatarwa pane izvi zvinopisa.
Iyo gel simba rinofanirwa kuve iro rakakosha hunhu hwechinhu chinopisa, nepo kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kunongoshandiswa kudzikamisa kureba kwekutanga kwekupinda kwemvura (pasi pe1 m). Chinhu chakanaka chekuwedzera chinofanira kunge chine mwero wekuwedzera uye yakakwira viscosity. Chinhu chisina kunaka chinodzivirira mvura, kunyangwe chine chiyero chekuwedzera uye yakaderera viscosity, ichava nehurombo hwekudzivirira mvura. Izvi zvinogona kuedzwa mukuenzanisa nehuwandu hwekupisa kutenderera. Pasi pemamiriro ehydrolytic, gel inoputsika kuita yakaderera viscosity mvura inozokanganisa kunaka kwayo. Izvi zvinowanikwa nekukurudzira kumira kwemvura yakachena ine hupfu hwekuzvimba kwe2 h. Geri rinobuda rinobva raparadzaniswa nemvura yakawandisa roiswa muviscometer inotenderera kuyera viscosity pamberi uye pashure 24 h pa 95 ° C. Kusiyana kwekugadzikana kwegel kunogona kuonekwa. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa muzvikamu zve8h kubva pa20°C kusvika pa95°C uye 8h kubva pa95°C kusvika pa20°C. Izvo zvinoenderana nemiyero yeGerman inoda 126 kutenderera kwe8h.
4. 5 Kuenderana Kuenderana kwechivharo chemvura chinhu chinonyanya kukosha maererano nehupenyu hwefiber optic cable uye naizvozvo inofanira kutariswa maererano nefiber optic cable zvinhu zvakabatanidzwa kusvika ikozvino. Sezvo kuenderana kunotora nguva yakareba kuti kuoneke, kukurumidza kuyedza kuchembera kunofanirwa kushandiswa, kureva kuti tambo yemidziyo inopukutwa, yakaputirwa netambo yakaoma yekudzivisa mvura tepi uye inochengetwa mukamuri yekushisa inogara iri 100 ° C kwegumi. mazuva, mushure mezvo kunaka kunoyerwa. Iko kusimba kwesimba uye kurebesa kwechinyorwa hakufanirwe kuchinja nekupfuura 20% mushure mebvunzo.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-22-2022