1 Nhanganyaya
Nekukurumidza kukura kwetekinoroji yekutaurirana mumakore gumi apfuura kana kupfuura, nzvimbo yekushandiswa kwetambo dzefibre optic yave ichikura. Sezvo zvinodiwa zvakatipoteredza zvetambo dzefibre optic zvichiramba zvichiwedzera, ndizvo zvinoitawo zvinodiwa zvemhando yezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mutambo dzefibre optic. Tape inovhara mvura yeFiber optic ichinhu chinoshandiswa muindasitiri yetambo dzefibre optic, basa rekuvhara, kudzivirira mvura, hunyoro uye kudzivirira buffer mutambo dzefibre optic rave richizivikanwa zvakanyanya, uye mhando dzaro nekushanda kwaro zvakaramba zvichivandudzwa uye zvakagadziridzwa nekugadzirwa kwetambo dzefibre optic. Mumakore achangopfuura, chimiro che "dry core" chakaiswa mutambo dzeoptical. Rudzi urwu rwezvinhu zvinodzivirira mvura yetambo zvinowanzova musanganiswa wetepi, yarn kana coating kudzivirira mvura kuti isapinde mukati metambo dzeorenji. Nekugamuchirwa kuri kukura kwetambo dzedry core fiber optic, zvinhu zvedry core fiber optic zviri kukurumidza kutsiva zvinhu zvechinyakare zvekuzadza tambo dzepetroleum jelly. Zvinhu zvedry core zvinoshandisa polymer inokurumidza kunwisa mvura kuti igadzire hydrogel, iyo inozadza nzira dzekupinda kwemvura dzetambo. Pamusoro pezvo, sezvo chinhu chakaoma chemukati chisina mafuta anonamira, hapana machira, zvinonyungudutsa kana zvinochenesa zvinodiwa kugadzirira tambo yekunamira, uye nguva yekunamira tambo inoderedzwa zvakanyanya. Huremu hushoma hwetambo uye kunamira kwakanaka pakati peshinda yekusimbisa yekunze nesheath hazvideredzwe, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inozivikanwa.
2 Kukanganiswa kwemvura patambo uye nzira yekudzivirira mvura
Chikonzero chikuru nei matanho akasiyana-siyana ekudzivirira mvura achifanira kutorwa ndechekuti mvura inopinda mutambo inoora kuita hydrogen neO2H-ions, izvo zvinowedzera kurasikirwa kwekufambisa kwefiber ye optical, kuderedza kushanda kwefiber uye kupfupisa hupenyu hwetambo. Matanho akajairika ekudzivirira mvura kuzadza nepetroleum paste uye kuwedzera tepi yekudzivirira mvura, iyo inozadzwa mumukana uri pakati petambo nesheath kudzivirira mvura nehunyoro kuti isapararire yakatwasuka, nokudaro ichitamba basa mukudzivirira mvura.
Kana maresini ekugadzira anoshandiswa zvakanyanya semainsulators mufiber optic cables (kutanga mu cables), zvinhu izvi zvinodzivirira hazvidzivirirwewo kupinda kwemvura. Kuumbwa kwe "miti yemvura" mu insulating material ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekukanganisa mashandiro ekutumira. Maitiro ayo insulating material inokanganiswa nemiti yemvura anowanzotsanangurwa seizvi: nekuda kwesimba remagetsi rakasimba (imwe fungidziro ndeyekuti makemikari e resin anochinjwa nekubuda kusina simba kwemaerekitironi anokurumidza), mamorekuru emvura anopinda nepakati pehuwandu hwakasiyana hwe micro-pores dziri mu sheathing material ye fiber optic cable. Mamorekuru emvura achapinda nepakati pehuwandu hwakasiyana hwe micro-pores mu cable sheath material, achigadzira "miti yemvura", zvishoma nezvishoma achiunganidza mvura yakawanda uye achipararira munzira refu ye cable, uye achikanganisa mashandiro e cable. Mushure memakore akawanda ekutsvagisa nekuyedza pasi rose, pakati pemakore ekuma1980, kutsvaga nzira yekubvisa nzira yakanakisa yekugadzira miti yemvura, ndiko kuti, tambo isati yaburitswa yakaputirwa nerukoko rwekunwa mvura uye kuwedzera kwechidziviriro chemvura kudzivirira nekunonotsa kukura kwemiti yemvura, ichivhara mvura mutambo mukati mekupararira kwenguva refu; panguva imwe chete, nekuda kwekukuvadzwa kwekunze uye kupinda kwemvura, chidziviriro chemvura chinogonawo kuvharira mvura nekukurumidza, kwete kupararira kwenguva refu kwetambo.
3 Pfupiso yemudziyo wemvura wetambo
3. 1 Kupatsanurwa kwezvipingamupinyi zvemvura zvetambo ye fiber optic
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuisa zvidziviriro zvemvura zvetambo dzemagetsi, zvinogona kupatsanurwa zvichienderana nechimiro chazvo, mhando uye ukobvu. Kazhinji, zvinogona kupatsanurwa zvichienderana nechimiro chazvo: waterstop ine laminated mativi maviri, waterstop ine coated mativi maviri uye waterstop ine composite film. Basa rekudzivirira mvura rewater barrier rinonyanya kukonzerwa nezvinhu zvinonyudza mvura zvakanyanya (zvinonzi water barrier), izvo zvinogona kuzvimba nekukurumidza mushure mekunge water barrier yasangana nemvura, zvichigadzira gel yakawanda (water barrier inogona kunyudza mvura yakawanda kupfuura iyo pachayo), nokudaro ichidzivirira kukura kwemuti wemvura uye kudzivirira kuramba uchipinda nekupararira kwemvura. Izvi zvinosanganisira polysaccharides dzechisikigo nedzemakemikari.
Kunyangwe izvi zvinhu zvekudzivirira mvura zvechisikigo kana kuti zvechisikigo zvine hunhu hwakanaka, zvine zvikanganiso zviviri zvinouraya:
1) dzinoora uye 2) dzinobvira moto zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoita kuti dzisakwanise kushandiswa muzvinhu zvetambo dzefiber optic. Imwe mhando yezvinhu zvakagadzirwa mukudzivirira mvura inomiririrwa nemapolyacrylates, ayo anogona kushandiswa sekudzivirira mvura patambo dzeoptical nekuti anosangana nezvinodiwa zvinotevera: 1) kana dzaoma, dzinogona kurwisa kushushikana kunokonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwetambo dzeoptical;
2) kana dzaoma, dzinogona kutsungirira mamiriro ekushanda kwetambo dze optical (kupisa kubva pakupisa kwemukamuri kusvika 90 °C) pasina kukanganisa hupenyu hwetambo, uye dzinogonawo kutsungirira tembiricha yepamusoro kwenguva pfupi;
3) mvura painopinda, inogona kuzvimba nekukurumidza uye inoumba gel nekukurumidza kwekukura.
4) inogadzira gel rakapinza zvakanyanya, kunyangwe pakupisa kwakanyanya, viscosity yegel inogara kwenguva yakareba.
Kugadzirwa kwemishonga inodzinga mvura kunogona kukamurwa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvechinyakare zvemakemikari - nzira yekuchinja-chinja (nzira yekubatanidza mvura-mu-mafuta), nzira yavo yekubatanidza polymerization - nzira yedhisiki, nzira yemwaranzi - nzira ye "cobalt 60" γ-ray. Nzira yekubatanidza muchinjikwa yakavakirwa panzira ye "cobalt 60" γ-radiation. Nzira dzakasiyana dzekubatanidza dzine mwero wakasiyana wepolymerisation uye cross-linking uye nekudaro zvinodiwa zvakanyanya kune chinhu chinovhara mvura chinodiwa mumatepi anovhara mvura. Ma polyacrylates mashoma chete anogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvina zviri pamusoro, zvichienderana neruzivo rwekushanda, mishonga inovhara mvura (maresini anotora mvura) haigone kushandiswa sezvinhu zvekugadzira chikamu chimwe chete che sodium polyacrylate yakasanganiswa, inofanira kushandiswa mu multi-polymer cross-linking method (kureva chikamu chakasiyana che cross-linked sodium polyacrylate mix) kuitira kuzadzisa chinangwa chekupinza mvura nekukurumidza uye kwakawanda. Zvinodiwa zvikuru ndeizvi: mvura yakawanda inogona kusvika ka400, mwero wekunyudzwa kwemvura unogona kusvika paminiti yekutanga kuti unye 75% yemvura inonyudzwa nemvura; zvinodiwa zvekugadzikana kwekupisa zvinodzivirira mvura: kuramba tembiricha kwenguva refu kwe90°C, tembiricha yepamusoro yekushanda ye160°C, kuramba tembiricha pakarepo kwe230°C (zvakakosha zvikuru kune tambo yemagetsi ine masaini emagetsi); zvinodiwa zvekunyudzwa kwemvura mushure mekuumbwa kwezvinodiwa zvekugadzikana kwegel: mushure mekutenderera kwakati wandei kwekupisa (20°C ~ 95°C) Kugadzikana kwegel mushure mekunyudzwa kwemvura kunoda: gel ine viscosity yakakura uye simba regel mushure mekutenderera kwakati wandei kwekupisa (20°C kusvika 95°C). Kugadzikana kwegel kunosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nenzira yekugadzira uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa nemugadziri. Panguva imwe chete, kwete kukurumidza kwekuwedzera, zviri nani, zvimwe zvigadzirwa kutsvaga kumhanya kune rumwe rutivi, kushandiswa kwezvinowedzera hakuna kubatsira kugadzikana kwehydrogel, kuparadzwa kwesimba rekuchengetedza mvura, asi kwete kuwana mhedzisiro yekudzivisa mvura.
3. 3 Hunhu hwetepi inovhara mvura Sezvo tambo iri mukugadzira, kuyedza, kutakurwa, kuchengetwa uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro ekutsungirira bvunzo dzezvakatipoteredza, saka kubva pakuona kwekushandiswa kwetambo ye optical, zvinodiwa zvetepi inovhara mvura yetambo ndeizvi:
1) chitarisiko chekugoverwa kwefiber, zvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvisina delamination uye upfu, zvine simba remakanika, zvakakodzera zvinodiwa netambo;
2) mhando yakafanana, inodzokororwa, yakagadzikana, mukugadzirwa kwetambo haizove yakaderedzwa uye inobereka
3) kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwekuwedzera, kukurumidza kwekuwedzera nekukurumidza, kugadzikana kwakanaka kwegel;
4) kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekupisa, kwakakodzera kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kunotevera;
5) kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwemakemikari, haina zvinhu zvinoparadza, inodzivirira mabhakitiriya uye kukurwa kwevhu;
6) kubatana kwakanaka nezvimwe zvinhu zvetambo ye optical, resistance ye oxidation, nezvimwewo.
4 Optical cable mvura chipingamupinyi mashandiro emitemo
Zvakawanikwa muongororo dzakawanda zvinoratidza kuti kuramba mvura isina kukodzera kugadzikana kwenguva refu kwekushanda kwetambo kuchakonzera kukuvara kukuru. Kukuvara uku, mukugadzirwa uye kuongororwa kwefekitori kwetambo ye optical fiber kwakaoma kuwana, asi kuchaonekwa zvishoma nezvishoma mukuita kwekuisa tambo mushure mekushandiswa. Nokudaro, kugadzirwa kwenguva yakakodzera kwemiyero yekuyedza yakazara uye yakarurama, kuti uwane hwaro hwekuongorora kwemativi ese, kwave basa rekukurumidzira. Tsvagiridzo yakawanda yemunyori, kutsvaga uye kuyedza pamabhande ekudzivirira mvura zvakapa hwaro hwakakwana hwehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza mwero wehunyanzvi hwemabhandi ekudzivirira mvura. Sarudza maparamendi ekushanda kwemutengo wekudzivirira mvura zvichibva pane zvinotevera:
1) zvinodiwa zvechiyero chetambo ye optical ye waterstop (kunyanya zvinodiwa nezvinhu zvetambo ye optical muchiyero chetambo ye optical);
2) ruzivo mukugadzira nekushandisa zvidziviriro zvemvura uye mishumo yebvunzo yakakodzera;
3) mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa pamusoro pesimba rehunhu hwematepi anovhara mvura pakushanda kwetambo dze optical fiber.
4. 1 Chitarisiko
Kuonekwa kwetepi inovhara mvura kunofanira kunge kwakaita semafiber akapararira zvakaenzana; pamusoro payo panofanira kunge pakaita sepa ...
4.2 Simba remuchina wemvura inomira
Simba rekudhonza rewaterstop rinoenderana nenzira yekugadzira tepi isina kurukwa yepolyester, pasi pemamiriro akafanana ehuwandu, nzira yeviscose iri nani pane nzira yekupisa-yakamonerwa yekugadzira simba rekudhonza rechigadzirwa, ukobvu hwacho hwakatetepawo. Simba rekudhonza retepi yekudzivirira mvura rinosiyana zvichienderana nekuti tambo inoputirwa kana kuputirwa sei patambo.
Ichi chiratidzo chakakosha chemabhandi maviri ekudzivirira mvura, ayo nzira yekuedza inofanira kubatanidzwa nemudziyo, mvura uye maitiro ekuyedza. Chinhu chikuru chekudzivirira mvura mutepi yekudzivirira mvura chikamu che sodium polyacrylate yakabatana pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinobva mairi, izvo zvinonzwa kuumbwa uye hunhu hwezvinodiwa zvemhando yemvura, kuitira kubatanidza mwero wekukwirira kwetepi yekudzivirira mvura, kushandiswa kwemvura yakabviswa ioni kunofanira kushandiswa (mvura yakanyungudutswa inoshandiswa mukugadzwa), nekuti hapana chikamu cheanionic necationic mumvura yakabviswa ioni, inova mvura yakachena. Kuwanda kwemvura inonyungudutswa kwe resin yekunyungudutswa kwemvura mumhando dzakasiyana dzemvura kunosiyana zvikuru, kana kuwanda kwemvura mumvura yakachena kuri 100% yehuwandu hwezita; mumvura yepombi iri 40% kusvika 60% (zvichienderana nehunhu hwemvura yenzvimbo yega yega); mumvura yegungwa iri 12%; mvura yepasi pevhu kana mvura yegutter yakaoma, zvakaoma kuziva huwandu hwemvura inonyungudutswa, uye kukosha kwayo kuchava kwakaderera kwazvo. Kuti tambo irambe ichishanda zvakanaka uye ichichengetedza nguva yekushanda kwayo, zvakanaka kushandisa tepi yekudzivirira mvura ine urefu hwakakura hwe> 10mm.
4.3 Zvimiro zvemagetsi
Kazhinji, tambo ye optical haina masaini emagetsi ewaya yesimbi, saka usashandise semi-conducting resistance water tape, 33 Wang Qiang chete, nezvimwewo: tambo ye optical water resistance tape
Tambo yemagetsi inosanganisa magetsi isati yavapo zviratidzo zvemagetsi, zvinodiwa zvakananga zvichienderana nechimiro chetambo yacho nekondirakiti.
4.4 Kugadzikana kwekupisa Mhando dzakawanda dzematepi anovhara mvura dzinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekudzivirira kupisa: kudzivirira tembiricha kwenguva refu ye90°C, tembiricha yepamusoro yekushanda ye160°C, kudzivirira tembiricha pakarepo ye230°C. Kushanda kwetepi inovhara mvura hakufanirwe kuchinja mushure menguva yakatarwa patembiricha idzi.
Simba rejeri rinofanira kuva chinhu chinonyanya kukosha pane chinhu chinobuda mumvura, nepo mwero wekuwedzera uchingoshandiswa chete kuderedza hurefu hwekupinda kwemvura pakutanga (pasi pe 1 m). Chinhu chakanaka chekuwedzera chinofanira kunge chine mwero wekuwedzera wakakodzera uye viscosity yakakura. Chinhu chisina mvura yakakwana, kunyangwe chine mwero wekuwedzera wakakwira uye viscosity yakaderera, chichava nechimiro chisina mvura yakakwana. Izvi zvinogona kuyedzwa zvichienzaniswa nematanho akawanda ekupisa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ehydrolytic, jeri rinopwanyika kuita mvura ine viscosity yakaderera iyo ichaderedza kunaka kwayo. Izvi zvinoitwa nekukurunga mvura yakachena ine upfu hwekuzvimba kwemaawa maviri. Geri rinobuda rinozoparadzaniswa nemvura yakawandisa uye rinoiswa mu viscometer inotenderera kuti riyere viscosity isati yasvika uye mushure memaawa makumi maviri nemana pa 95°C. Musiyano wekugadzikana kwejeri unogona kuonekwa. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa mumaawa masere kubva pa 20°C kusvika 95°C uye maawa masere kubva pa 95°C kusvika 20°C. Mitemo yakakodzera yeGerman inoda maawa zana nemakumi maviri nematanhatu emaawa masere.
4. 5 Kuenderana Kuenderana kwechinhu chinovhara mvura chinhu chakakosha zvikuru maererano nehupenyu hwetambo ye fiber optic saka chinofanira kufungwa nezvacho maererano nezvinhu zvetambo ye fiber optic zviripo kusvika pari zvino. Sezvo kuenderana kuchitora nguva yakareba kuti zvionekwe, bvunzo yekukwegura nekukurumidza inofanira kushandiswa, kureva kuti muenzaniso wezvinhu zvetambo unopukutwa, woputirwa netepi yakaoma inodzivirira mvura uye wochengetwa mukamuri rinodziya nguva dzose pa100°C kwemazuva gumi, mushure mezvo mhando yacho inoyerwa. Simba rekusimba uye kureba kwezvinhu hazvifanirwe kuchinja neanopfuura 20% mushure mebvunzo.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-22-2022