Chivharo chetambo (chinozivikanwawo sechikamu chekunze kana kuti sheath) ndicho chikamu chekunze chetambo, tambo ye optical, kana waya, sechinhu chinonyanya kukosha mutambo kuchengetedza kuchengetedzeka kwemukati, kudzivirira tambo kubva pakupisa kwekunze, kutonhora, kunyorova, ultraviolet, ozone, kana kukuvara kwemakemikari nemakemikari panguva yekuisa uye mushure mekuiisa. Kuvhara tambo hakurevi kutsiva simba mukati metambo, asi kunogonawo kupa dziviriro shoma. Pamusoro pezvo, tambo ye cable inogonawo kugadzirisa chimiro nechimiro che stranded conductor, pamwe ne shielding layer (kana iripo), nokudaro ichideredza kupindirana kwe electromagnetic compatibility yetambo (EMC). Izvi zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti simba, chiratidzo, kana data zviri mukati metambo kana waya. Kuvhara tambo kunoitawo basa rakakosha mukugara kwenguva refu kwetambo dze optical newaya.
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzezvinhu zvemugodhi wetambo, zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mugodhi wetambo ndeizvi -polyethylene yakabatana (XLPE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoroalkoxy resin (PFA), polyurethane (PUR),polyethylene (PE), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) uyepolyvinyl chloride (PVC), Imwe neimwe ine hunhu hwakasiyana hwekuita.
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvekushandisa pakuisa tambo mudenga kunofanira kutanga kwatarisa kuti tambo iyi inochinjika sei uye kuti inoenderana sei nekushandiswa kwezvinobatanidza. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzinotonhora zvikuru dzingada kuti tambo iyi igare yakachinjika kana tembiricha yakaderera. Kusarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera zvekuisa tambo kwakakosha pakusarudza tambo yakanakisa yekuisa tambo mudenga yega yega. Saka, zvakakosha kunzwisisa chinangwa chaicho chinofanira kusvikwa netambo iyi kana waya uye zvinodiwa zvayo.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)chinhu chinowanzoshandiswa pakuisa tambo mu sheathing. Yakagadzirwa ne polyvinyl chloride based resin, ichiwedzera stabilizer, plasticizer, inorganic fillers dzakadai se calcium carbonate, zvinowedzera uye mafuta, nezvimwewo, kuburikidza nekusanganisa nekukanya uye kubvisa. Ine hunhu hwakanaka hwemuviri, hwemakanika uye hwemagetsi, nepo iine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira mamiriro ekunze uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari, inogona zvakare kuvandudza mashandiro ayo nekuwedzera zvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana, zvakaita sekudzivirira moto, kudzivirira kupisa nezvimwewo.
Nzira yekugadzira sheath yetambo yePVC ndeyekuwedzera zvidimbu zvePVC kune extruder uye kuzviburitsa pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kuti zvigadzire sheath yetambo ine tubular.
Zvakanakira jira rePVC wire jacket zvakachipa, zviri nyore kugadzirisa nekuisa, uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa. Rinowanzo shandiswa mutambo dzine voltage shoma, tambo dzekutaurirana, waya dzekuvaka nedzimwe nzvimbo. Zvisinei, kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya, kuramba kutonhora, kuramba UV nezvimwe zvinhu zvePVC wire sheathing hazvina kusimba, zvine zvinhu zvinokuvadza nharaunda nemuviri wemunhu, uye kune matambudziko akawanda kana zvikashandiswa munzvimbo dzakakosha. Nekuwedzera kweruzivo rwevanhu nezvezvakatipoteredza uye kuvandudzwa kwezvinodiwa zvekushanda kwezvinhu, zvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvakaiswa pamberi pezvinhu zvePVC. Naizvozvo, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakosha, dzakadai sendege, ndege, simba renyukireya nedzimwe nzvimbo, PVC wire sheathing inoshandiswa nokungwarira.
Polyethylene (PE)chinhu chinowanzo shandiswa pakuisa tambo. Chine hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari, uye chinodzivirira kupisa, kutonhora uye kunodzivirira mamiriro ekunze. PE cable sheath inogona kuvandudzwa nekuwedzera zvimwe zvinhu, zvakaita se antioxidants, UV absorbers, nezvimwewo.
Nzira yekugadzira PE cable sheath yakafanana neyePVC, uye zvidimbu zvePE zvinowedzerwa kune extruder uye zvinoburitswa pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kuti zvigadzire tubular cable sheath.
Chivharo chetambo chePE chine zvakanakira zvekudzivirira kukwegura kwezvakatipoteredza uye kudzivirira UV, nepo mutengo wacho wakaderera, unoshandiswa zvakanyanya mutambo dze optical, tambo dze voltage shoma, tambo dzekutaurirana, tambo dzemigodhi nedzimwe nzvimbo. Polyethylene ine cross-linked (XLPE) chinhu chetambo che sheath chine hunhu hwemagetsi nehwemakanika. Chinogadzirwa nezvinhu zve polyethylene zvinobatanidza cross-link pakupisa kwakanyanya. Kupindirana kwe crosslinking kunogona kuita kuti zvinhu zve polyethylene zviumbe network structure ine mativi matatu, izvo zvinoita kuti ive nesimba rakawanda uye kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya. Chivharo chetambo che XLPE chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wetambo dze voltage rakawanda, dzakadai semitsetse yekutumira, nzvimbo dzemagetsi, nezvimwewo. Chine hunhu hwakanaka hwemagetsi, simba remakanika uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari, asiwo chinodzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya uye kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze.
Polyurethane (PUR)zvinoreva boka remapurasitiki akagadzirwa mukupera kwema1930. Inogadzirwa nemaitiro emakemikari anonzi kuwedzera polymerization. Zvishandiso zvepurasitiki zvinowanzo kuve petroleum, asi zvinhu zvezvirimwa zvakaita sembatatisi, chibage kana shuga beet zvinogona kushandiswawo mukugadzirwa kwayo. PUR chinhu chinowanzo shandiswa pakuisa tambo. Chinhu che elastomer chine simba rakanaka rekupfeka, kuramba kukwegura, kuramba mafuta uye kuramba acid nealkali, ukuwo chiine simba rakanaka remakanika uye hunhu hwekudzoreredza elastic. Chidziyo chetambo chePUR chinogona kuvandudzwa nekuwedzera zvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana, zvakaita sezvinodzivisa moto, zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya, nezvimwewo.
Nzira yekugadzira PUR cable sheath ndeyekuwedzera PUR particles kune extruder uye kuiburitsa pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kuti igadzire tubular cable sheath. Polyurethane ine hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika.
Chigadzirwa ichi chine simba guru rekudzivirira kubvaruka, kudzivirira kucheka uye kubvaruka, uye chinoramba chakachinjika kunyangwe patembiricha yakaderera. Izvi zvinoita kuti PUR ive yakakodzera zvakanyanya kune zvinoshandiswa zvinoda kufamba kwakasimba uye zvinodiwa zvekukotama, zvakaita sekudhonza cheni. Mukushandiswa kwemarobhoti, tambo dzine PUR sheathing dzinogona kutsungirira mamiriyoni emitambo yekukotama kana simba rakasimba rekutenderera pasina matambudziko. PUR ine simba guru rekudzivirira mafuta, zvinonyungudutsa uye mwaranzi ye ultraviolet. Pamusoro pezvo, zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwechigadzirwa ichi, hachina halogen uye hachidzoreki, izvo zvakakosha kune tambo dzakanyoreswa neUL uye dzinoshandiswa muUnited States. Tambo dzePUR dzinowanzo shandiswa mukuvaka michina nefekitori, otomatiki yemaindasitiri, uye indasitiri yemotokari.
Kunyangwe PUR cable sheath ine hunhu hwakanaka hwemuviri, hwemakanika uye hwemakemikari, mutengo wayo wakakwira uye hauna kukodzera zviitiko zvekugadzira zvakawanda uye zvinodhura zvishoma.
Polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer (TPU)chinhu chinowanzo shandiswa pakuisa tambo. Kusiyana ne polyurethane elastomer (PUR), TPU chinhu chinogadzirwa nethermoplastic chine ngura uye chinokwanisa kushandiswa zvakanaka.
Chivharo chetambo cheTPU chine simba rakanaka rekupfeka, simba remafuta, simba reasidhi nealkali uye simba remamiriro ekunze, uye chine simba rakanaka remuchina uye simba rekudzoreredza elastic, izvo zvinogona kuchinjika kumafambiro akaomarara emuchina uye nharaunda inodedera.
Chigadziko chetambo cheTPU chinogadzirwa nekuwedzera zvidimbu zveTPU kune chinoburitsa zvinhu uye kuzviisa pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kuti zvigadzire chigadziko chetambo chechubhu.
Kuvhara tambo dzeTPU kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuita otomatiki kwemaindasitiri, michina yematurusi emuchina, masisitimu ekudzora kufamba, marobhoti nedzimwe nzvimbo, pamwe nemotokari, ngarava nedzimwe nzvimbo. Ine simba rakanaka rekupfeka uye inodzoreredza elastic, inogona kuchengetedza tambo zvinobudirira, asiwo ine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye kupisa kwakaderera.
Kana tichienzanisa nePUR, TPU cable sheathing ine mukana wekushanda zvakanaka uye plasticity, iyo inogona kuenderana nehukuru hwetambo uye chimiro chayo. Zvisinei, mutengo weTPU cable sheathing wakakwira, uye hauna kukodzera zviitiko zvekugadzira zvakawanda uye zvakachipa.
Rabha reSilicone (PU)chinhu chinowanzo shandiswa pakuisa tambo. Ichinhu che organic polymer, chinoreva cheni huru inoumbwa nemaatomu e silicon ne oxygen zvichichinjana, uye atomu ye silicon inowanzo batanidzwa nemapoka maviri e organic e rabha. Rabha ye silicone yakajairika inonyanya kuumbwa nemaketani e silicone ane methyl groups uye vinyl shoma. Kuiswa kwe phenyl group kunogona kuvandudza kuramba kupisa kwepamusoro nepasi kwe rabha ye silicone, uye kuiswa kwe trifluoropropyl ne cyanide group kunogona kuvandudza kuramba kupisa uye kuramba mafuta kwe rabha ye silicone. PU ine kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya, kuramba kutonhora uye kuramba oxidation, uye inewo kupfava kwakanaka uye elastic recovery properties. Silicone raber cable sheath inogona kuvandudza mashandiro ayo nekuwedzera zvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana, zvakaita se agents dzinodzivirira kupfeka, agents dzinodzivirira mafuta, nezvimwewo.
Nzira yekugadzira silicone rabber cable sheath ndeyekuwedzera musanganiswa wesilicone rabber kune extruder uye kuiburitsa pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kuti igadzire tubular cable sheath. Silicone rabber cable sheath inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, zvinodiwa zvekudzivirira mamiriro ekunze, zvakaita semuchadenga, manuclear power plants, petrochemical, mauto nedzimwe nzvimbo.
Inodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye oxidation, inogona kushanda zvakanaka munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya, dzine pressure yakawanda, uye dzine ngura yakasimba, asiwo ine simba rakanaka remakanika uye inodzoreredza mashandiro ayo, inogona kuchinjika kumafambiro akaomarara emakanika uye nzvimbo inodedera.
Zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvinhu zvinofukidza tambo, silicone rabha sheathing ine simba rekudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye oxidation, asi inewo hunyoro hwakanaka uye inodzoreredza elastic, yakakodzera nzvimbo dzakaoma dzekushanda. Zvisinei, mutengo wesilicone rabha sheathing wakakwira, uye hauna kukodzera zviitiko zvekugadzira zvakawanda zvakachipa.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)chinhu chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvhara tambo, chinozivikanwawo sepolytetrafluoroethylene. Chinhu chepolymer chinodzivirira ngura zvakanyanya, chinodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye chinodzivirira makemikari, uye chinogona kushanda zvakanaka munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya, kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye ngura yakasimba. Pamusoro pezvo, mapurasitiki efluorine anewo hunhu hwakanaka hwekudzivirira moto uye anodzivirira kupfeka.
Nzira yekugadzira jira repurasitiki rine fluorine ndeyekuwedzera zvidimbu zvepurasitiki zvine fluorine kune extruder uye kuzviburitsa pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kuti zvigadzire jira rechubhu.
Chivharo chetambo chepurasitiki cheFluorine chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mundege, mafekitori emagetsi enyukireya, petrochemical nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemhando yepamusoro, pamwe chete nema semiconductors, optical communications nedzimwe nzvimbo. Chine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira ngura uye kupisa kwakanyanya, chinogona kushanda zvakadzikama munzvimbo inodziya, ine pressure yakanyanya, uye ine simba rengura kwenguva yakareba, asi chine simba rakanaka remuchina uye kugona kudzoreredza elastic, chinogona kuchinjika kumafambiro akaomarara emuchina uye nharaunda inodedera.
Zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvinhu zve wire sheath, fluorine plastic cable sheath ine ngura yakanyanya uye inodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya, yakakodzera nzvimbo dzekushanda dzakanyanya. Zvisinei, mutengo we fluorine plastic cable sheath wakakwira, uye hauna kukodzera zviitiko zvekugadzira zvakawanda zvakachipa.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-14-2024