Chimiro chetambo chinoratidzika sechiri nyore, chaizvoizvo, chikamu chimwe nechimwe chayo chine chinangwa chayo chakakosha, saka chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinhu chinofanira kunyatsosarudzwa pakugadzira tambo, kuitira kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwetambo yakagadzirwa nezvinhu izvi panguva yekushanda.
1. Conductor zvinhu
Nhoroondo, zvinhu zvaishandiswa pamagetsi tambo conductor zvaive mhangura nealuminium. Sodium yakaedzwawo kwenguva pfupi. Mhangura nealuminium zvine zvirinani zvemagetsi conductivity, uye huwandu hwemhangura hushoma kana uchitumira iyo yakafanana ikozvino, saka dhayamita rekunze reconductor yemhangura idiki pane iro realuminium conductor. Mutengo wealuminium wakaderera zvakanyanya pane mhangura. Pamusoro pezvo, nekuti kuwanda kwemhangura kwakakura kupfuura kwealuminium, kunyangwe kana simba rekutakura riripo rakafanana, chikamu chemuchinjikwa chealuminium conductor chakakura kupfuura checonductor yemhangura, asi aluminium conductor tambo ichiri kureruka kupfuura copper conductor cable. .
2. Insulation zvinhu
Kune akawanda ekudzivirira zvinhu izvo MV tambo dzemagetsi dzinogona kushandisa, kunyangwe zvinosanganisira tekinoroji yakakura yakamisikidzwa yepepa insulation zvinhu, izvo zvakabudirira kushandiswa kweanopfuura makore zana. Nhasi, extruded polymer insulation yakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya. Yakawedzerwa polymer insulation zvinhu zvinosanganisira PE (LDPE uye HDPE), XLPE, WTR-XLPE uye EPR. Zvinhu izvi zvinonzi thermoplastic pamwe ne thermosetting. Thermoplastic zvinhu zvinoremara kana zvichipisa, nepo thermoset zvinhu zvinochengeta chimiro chazvo pakupisa kwekushanda.
2.1. Pepa insulation
Pakutanga kwekushanda kwavo, mapepa-insulated cables anotakura mutoro muduku chete uye anochengetedzwa zvakanaka. Nekudaro, vashandisi vemagetsi vanoramba vachigadzira tambo inotakura yakawanda uye yakawedzera kuremerwa, mamiriro ekutanga ekushandiswa haasisina kukodzera kune zvinodiwa netambo yemazuva ano, ipapo chiitiko chakanaka chepakutanga hachigone kumiririra kushanda kweramangwana kwetambo kunofanirwa kunge kwakanaka. . Mumakore achangopfuura, tambo dzemapepa insulated tambo hadziwanzoshandiswa.
2.2.PVC
PVC ichiri kushandiswa sechinhu chinodzivirira kune yakaderera-voltage 1kV tambo uye zvakare iri sheathing zvinhu. Nekudaro, kuiswa kwePVC mukudzivirira kwetambo kuri kukurumidza kutsiviwa neXLPE, uye iyo musheti iri kukurumidza kutsiviwa ne linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), yepakati density polyethylene (MDPE) kana yakakwira density polyethylene (HDPE), uye isina. -PVC tambo dzine yakaderera upenyu kutenderera mari.
2.3. Polyethylene (PE)
Yakaderera density polyethylene (LDPE) yakagadzirwa mu1930s uye yava kushandiswa se base resin ye crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) uye inodzivirira mvura muti crosslinked polyethylene (WTR-XLPE) zvinhu. Mu thermoplastic state, iyo yakanyanya tembiricha yekushandisa ye polyethylene i75 ° C, iyo yakaderera pane yekushanda tembiricha yemapepa insulated cables (80 ~ 90 ° C). Dambudziko iri rakagadziriswa nekuuya kwe-cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), iyo inogona kusangana kana kudarika tembiricha yebasa yetambo-dzakavharirwa mapepa.
2.4.Muchinjikwa-yakabatana polyethylene (XLPE)
XLPE ndeye thermosetting material yakagadzirwa nekusanganisa low-density polyethylene (LDPE) ine crosslinking agent (yakadai seperoxide).
Iyo yakanyanya conductor inoshanda tembiricha yeXLPE insulated tambo i90 ° C, iyo overload test inosvika 140 ° C, uye pfupi-circuit tembiricha inogona kusvika 250 ° C. XLPE ine yakanakisa dielectric maitiro uye inogona kushandiswa mumagetsi renji. 600V kusvika 500kV.
2.5. Muti unodzivirira mvura Muchinjikwa-yakabatana polyethylene (WTR-XLPE)
Chiitiko chemuti wemvura chinoderedza hupenyu hwebasa reXLPE tambo. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuderedza kukura kwemuti wemvura, asi imwe yeinonyanya kugamuchirwa ndeye kushandisa yakanyatsogadzirwa insulation zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa kuvharidzira mvura yemiti kukura, inonzi water-resistant tree cross-linked polyethylene WTR-XLPE.
2.6. Ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)
EPR ndeye thermosetting material yakagadzirwa ethylene, propylene (dzimwe nguva monoma yechitatu), uye copolymer yevatatu monomers inonzi ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM). Pamusoro pehupamhi hwekudziya tembiricha, EPR inogara yakapfava uye ine yakanaka corona kuramba. Nekudaro, iyo dielectric kurasikirwa kweEPR zvinhu zvakanyanya kukwirira kupfuura iyo yeXLPE uye WTR-XLPE.
3. Insulation vulcanization process
Iyo crosslinking process yakanangana neiyo polymer inoshandiswa. Kugadzirwa kwema-crosslinked polymers kunotanga ne matrix polymer uyezve ma stabilizer uye crosslinkers anowedzerwa kuita musanganiswa. Iyo crosslinking process inowedzera mamwe mapoinzi ekubatanidza kune iyo molecular chimiro. Kana yangobatanidzwa-yakabatana, iyo polymer molecular cheni inoramba yakanyunguduka, asi haigone kupatsanurwa zvachose kuita kunyungudika kwemvura.
4. Conductor shielding uye insulating shielding zvinhu
Iyo semi-conductive shielding layer inoburitswa pamusoro pekunze kwe conductor uye insulation kuti iite yunifomu munda wemagetsi uye kuve nemunda wemagetsi mutambo insulated core. Ichi chinyorwa chine giredhi reinjiniya yekabhoni nhema zvinhu kuti zvigone kudzivirira tambo yetambo kuti iwane yakagadzikana conductivity mukati meiyo inodiwa renji.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-12-2024