Panguva yekushanda kwetambo dzemagetsi nedzemagetsi, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chinotungamira mukuderera kwekushanda kwesimba ikupinda kwehunyoro. Kana mvura ikapinda mutambo dzemagetsi, inogona kuwedzera kuderera kwefiber; kana ikapinda mutambo dzemagetsi, inogona kuderedza kushanda kwetambo dzemagetsi, zvichikanganisa mashandiro ayo. Nokudaro, mayuniti anovhara mvura, akadai sezvinhu zvinonwisa mvura, akagadzirwa mukugadzirwa kwetambo dzemagetsi nedzemagetsi kudzivirira hunyoro kana kupinda kwemvura, zvichiita kuti basa rive rakachengeteka.
Mhando huru dzezvigadzirwa zvinonwisa mvura dzinosanganisira upfu hunonwisa mvura,tepi inovhara mvura, shinda inovhara mvura, uye mafuta anovhara mvura akaita sekuzvimba, nezvimwewo. Zvichienderana nenzvimbo inoshandiswa, mhando imwe yezvinhu zvinovhara mvura inogona kushandiswa, kana mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kushandiswa panguva imwe chete kuona kuti tambo dzinodzivirira mvura dzinoshanda zvakanaka.
Nekushandiswa nekukurumidza kwetekinoroji ye5G, kushandiswa kwetambo dzemagetsi kuri kuramba kuchipararira, uye zvinodiwa kwavari zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera kuoma. Kunyanya nekuiswa kwezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza girini nezvakatipoteredza, tambo dzemagetsi dzakaoma chose dziri kufarirwa nemusika. Chinhu chakakosha chetambo dzemagetsi dzakaoma chose ndechekuti hadzishandise mafuta anovhara mvura kana mafuta anovhara mvura. Pane kudaro, tepi inovhara mvura uye fiber dzinovhara mvura zvinoshandiswa kudzivirira mvura munzvimbo yese yetambo.
Kushandiswa kwetepi inovhara mvura mutambo netambo dzeoptical kwakajairika, uye kune mabhuku akawanda ekutsvagisa pamusoro pazvo. Zvisinei, hapana tsvakurudzo yakawanda yakataurwa pamusoro peshinda inovhara mvura, kunyanya pazvinhu zvinovhara mvura zvine hunhu hwekunyungudutsa mvura. Nekuda kwekubatsira kwazvo panguva yekugadzira tambo dzeoptical nedzemagetsi uye kugadzirisa kuri nyore, zvinhu zvinonyungudutsa mvura zvakanyanya pari zvino ndizvo zvinonyanya kudiwa pakugadzira tambo netambo dzeoptical, kunyanya tambo dzeoptical dzakaoma.
Kushandiswa mukugadzira tambo yemagetsi
Nekusimbiswa kuri kuramba kuchiita kuvakwa kwezvivakwa zveChina, kudiwa kwetambo dzemagetsi kubva kumapurojekiti emagetsi anotsigira kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera. Tambo dzinowanzoiswa nekuviga zvakananga, mumigero yetambo, mumigero, kana nzira dzepamusoro. Dzinodzivirirwa munzvimbo dzine hunyoro kana kuti dziri kusangana zvakananga nemvura, uye dzinogona kutonyudzwa mumvura kwenguva pfupi kana kwenguva refu, zvichiita kuti mvura ipinde zvishoma nezvishoma mukati metambo. Pasi pesimba remagetsi, zvivakwa zvakafanana nemiti zvinogona kuumbwa muchikamu chekudzivirira tambo, chiitiko chinozivikanwa sekuti mvura inochera. Kana miti yemvura ikakura kusvika pamwero wakati, zvichaita kuti tambo inochera iparare. Kuchera tambo dzemvura ikozvino kwave kuzivikanwa pasi rose sechimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinokonzera kukwegura kwetambo. Kuti tive nekuchengetedzwa uye kuvimbika kwesimba remagetsi, dhizaini yetambo nekugadzira zvinofanirwa kushandisa zvivakwa zvinodzivirira mvura kana matanho ekudzivirira mvura kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti tambo ine mashandiro akanaka ekudzivirira mvura.
Nzira dzekupinda kwemvura mutambo dzinogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: kupinda kweradial (kana transverse) kuburikidza nesheath, uye kupinda kwelongitudinal (kana axial) pamwe neconductor necable core. Kune radial (transverse) water blocking, sheath yakazara inovhara mvura, yakaita sealuminum-plastic composite tape yakaputirwa kwenguva refu uye yozoburitswa ne polyethylene, inowanzo shandiswa. Kana kuvharwa kwemvura kwakazara kweradial kuchidikanwa, chimiro chesimbi chinotorwa. Kune tambo dzinoshandiswa kazhinji, dziviriro inovhara mvura inonyanya kutarisa kupinda kwelongitudinal (axial) water.
Pakugadzira chimiro chetambo, matanho ekudzivirira mvura anofanirwa kufunga nezvekudzivirira mvura munzira yemuchina wekufambisa mvura, kudzivirira mvura kunze kwechikamu chekudzivirira, uye kudzivirira mvura muchivako chose. Nzira yakajairika yemuchina wekufambisa mvura ndeyekuzadza zvinhu zvinovhara mvura mukati nepamusoro pemuchina wekufambisa mvura. Kune tambo dzemagetsi ane maconductor akakamurwa kuita zvikamu, shinda inovhara mvura inokurudzirwa kushandiswa sechinhu chinovhara mvura pakati, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 1. Shinda inovhara mvura inogonawo kushandiswa muzvivakwa zvinovhara mvura zvine chimiro chakazara. Nekuisa shinda inovhara mvura kana tambo dzinovhara mvura dzakarukwa kubva mushinda inovhara mvura munzvimbo dziri pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvetambo, nzira dzemvura kuti dzifambe nenzira yetambo dzinogona kuvharwa kuitira kuti zvinodiwa zvekusimba kwemvura zvisvike pakureba. Dhizaini yedhizaini yetambo inovhara mvura ine chimiro chakazara inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2.
Mumagadzirirwo etambo dzataurwa pamusoro apa, zvinhu zvinobata mvura zvinoshandiswa sechikamu chinovhara mvura. Muchina uyu unobva pahuwandu hwakawanda hwe resin inobata mvura yakawanda iri pamusoro pezvinhu zvinobata mvura. Kana ikasangana nemvura, resin inokura nekukurumidza kusvika pakuwedzera huwandu hwayo hwepakutanga, zvichiita kuti pave nechikamu chinobata mvura chakavharika pamusoro pechikamu chetambo, ichivhara nzira dzinopinda mvura, uye ichimisa kupararira nekuwedzerwa kwemvura kana utsi hwemvura munzira refu, nokudaro ichidzivirira tambo zvinobudirira.
Kushandiswa muOptical Cables
Mashandiro anoita optical transmission, mashandiro emakanika, uye mashandiro enzvimbo yetambo dzeoptical ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha pakutaurirana. Chimwe chinhu chinoita kuti tambo dzeoptical dzirambe dzichishanda ndechekudzivirira mvura kuti isapinde muoptical fiber panguva yekushanda, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwakanyanya (kureva, kurasikirwa nehydrogen). Kupinda kwemvura kunokanganisa kukwirira kwechiedza cheoptical fiber muwavelength range kubva pa1.3μm kusvika 1.60μm, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kweoptical fiber. Iyi wavelength band inofukidza mahwindo mazhinji ekutumira anoshandiswa mumasisitimu ekutaurirana e optical aripo iye zvino. Nokudaro, dhizaini yekuvaka kwechimiro chisina mvura inova chinhu chakakosha mukuvakwa kwetambo dzeoptical.
Dhizaini yechivako chinovhara mvura mutambo dzeoptical yakakamurwa kuita dhizaini yekudzivirira mvura yeradial uye dhizaini yekudzivirira mvura yeradial. Dhizaini yekudzivirira mvura yeradial inoshandisa sheath yakazara yekudzivirira mvura, kureva, chivako chine aluminium-plastic kana steel-plastic composite tape yakaputirwa kwenguva refu uye yozoburitswa ne polyethylene. Panguva imwe chete, chubhu yakasununguka yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvepolymer zvakaita sePBT (Polybutylene terephthalate) kana simbi isina ngura inowedzerwa kunze kwefiber yeoptical. Mudhizaini yechivako inodzivirira mvura kwenguva refu, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvinodzivirira mvura kunofungwa nezvechikamu chega chega chechivako. Zvinhu zvinodzivirira mvura mukati mechubhu yakasununguka (kana mumigero yetambo yeskeleton-type) zvinoshandurwa kubva pagrisi yekuzadza mvura yerudzi rwefilling-type kuenda kufiber yefiber inonwisa mvura yechubhu. Tambo imwe kana mbiri dzeshinda dzinodzivirira mvura dzinoiswa dzakafanana nechinhu chinosimbisa core yetambo kudzivirira mhute yemvura yekunze kuti isapinde kwenguva refu ichitevedza nhengo yesimba. Kana zvichidikanwa, shinda dzinovhara mvura dzinogonawo kuiswa munzvimbo dziri pakati pemachubhu akarembera kuti tambo ye optical ipfuure miedzo yakasimba yekupinda mumvura. Maumbirwo etambo ye optical yakaoma zvizere anowanzo shandisa mhando yetambo dzakarukwa, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 3.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-28-2025