Zvinhu zvepolyolefin, zvinozivikanwa nehunyanzvi hwazvo hwemagetsi, kugona kugadzikisa zvinhu, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwezvakatipoteredza, zvave chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yewaya netambo.
Mapolyolefin mapolymer ane huremu hwakawanda akagadzirwa kubva kuma olefin monomers akadai se ethylene, propylene, uye butene. Anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumatare, kurongedza, kuvaka, mota, uye maindasitiri ekurapa.
Mukugadzira tambo, zvinhu zvepolyolefin zvinopa simba shoma rekugadzirisa magetsi, zvinodzivirira kupisa kwemagetsi zvakanyanya, uye zvinodzivirira makemikari zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakachengeteka uye zvigare kwenguva refu. Hunhu hwazvo husina halogen uye hunogona kudzokororwa hunoenderanawo nemaitiro emazuva ano ekugadzira zvinhu zvakasvibira uye zvinogara kwenguva refu.
I. Kupatsanurwa neMonomer Type
1. Polyethylene (PE)
Polyethylene (PE) ipurasitiki yethermoplastic yakagadzirwa kubva ku ethylene monomers uye ndeimwe yemapurasitiki anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pasi rose. Zvichienderana nehuwandu uye chimiro chemamorekuru, yakakamurwa kuva mhando dzeLDPE, HDPE, LLDPE, uye XLPE.
(1)Polyethylene Yakaderera (LDPE)
Maumbirwo: Yakagadzirwa ne polymerization ye free-radical ine pressure yakakura; ine macheni akawanda ane matavi, ane crystallinity ye55–65% uye density ye 0.91–0.93 g/cm³.
Hunhu: Yakapfava, inoonekera, uye haibati asi inodzivirira kupisa zvine mwero (kusvika pa80 °C).
Mashandisirwo: Inowanzoshandiswa semudziyo wekutaurirana uye tambo dzechiratidzo, ichienzanisa kuchinjika uye kudzivirira kupisa.
(2) Polyethylene Yakanyanya Kuwanda (HDPE)
Maumbirwo: Yakagadziriswa nesimbi yakamanikidzwa zvishoma neZiegler–Natta catalysts; ine matavi mashoma kana kuti isina, ine crystallinity yakawanda (80–95%), uye density ye 0.94–0.96 g/cm³.
Hunhu: Simba guru uye kuomarara, kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemakemikari, asi kusimba kwakaderera zvishoma pakupisa kwakaderera.
Mashandisirwo: Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakuisa insulation layers, communication conduits, uye fiber optic cable sheaths, zvichipa dziviriro yepamusoro yemamiriro ekunze uye yemakanika, kunyanya pakuisa panze kana pasi pevhu.
(3) Polyethylene ine huwandu hwakaderera (LLDPE)
Maumbirwo: Yakagadzirwa kubva ku ethylene ne α-olefin, ine mabhanzi mapfupi; kuwanda kuri pakati pe 0.915–0.925 g/cm³.
Hunhu: Inosanganisa kuchinjika uye simba uye kuramba kubhoorwa zvakanaka.
Mashandisirwo: Akakodzera zvinhu zve sheath uye insulation mu tambo dzine voltage shoma nepakati uye tambo dzekudzora, zvichiwedzera simba rekudzivirira uye kukotama.
(4)Polyethylene Yakabatana Nemuchinjikwa (XLPE)
Maumbirwo: Network ine mativi matatu inoumbwa kuburikidza nekubatanidza kwemakemikari kana kwepanyama (silane, peroxide, kana electron-beam).
Hunhu: Kusapisa kwakanyanya, simba remuchina, kudzivirira kupisa, uye kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze.
Mashandisirwo: Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mutambo dzemagetsi dzepakati nepamusoro, tambo dzemagetsi itsva, uye waya dzemotokari — chinhu chikuru chinodzivirira kupisa mukugadzirwa kwetambo dzemazuva ano.
2. Polypropylene (PP)
Polypropylene (PP), yakagadzirwa nepolymer kubva kupropylene, ine density ye 0.89–0.92 g/cm³, nzvimbo yekunyunguduka ye 164–176 °C, uye tembiricha yekushanda iri pakati pe -30 °C kusvika 140 °C.
Hunhu: Huremu hwakareruka, simba guru remuchina, kusabatwa nemakemikari zvakanaka, uye kudzivirira kupisa kwemagetsi kwakanyanya.
Mashandisirwo: Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sechishandiso chekudzivirira tambo chisina halogen. Nekusimbiswa kuri kukura kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, polypropylene ine cross-linked (XLPP) uye modified copolymer PP zviri kuramba zvichitsiva polyethylene yechinyakare mumasisitimu etambo dzinopisa zvakanyanya uye dzine voltage yakawanda, dzakadai senjanji, simba remhepo, uye tambo dzemotokari dzemagetsi.
3. Polybutylene (PB)
Polybutylene inosanganisira Poly(1-butene) (PB-1) uye Polyisobutylene (PIB).
Hunhu: Kudzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya, kugadzikana kwemakemikari, uye kuramba kukambaira.
Mashandisirwo: PB-1 inoshandiswa mumapaipi, mafirimu, uye pakurongedza, nepo PIB inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira tambo segel, sealant, uye filling compound inovhara mvura nekuda kwekusapinda kwayo mugasi uye kusagadzikana kwemakemikari—inowanzoshandiswa mufiber optic cables yekuvhara nekudzivirira hunyoro.
II. Zvimwe Zvinhu Zvakajairika zvePolyolefin
(1) Ethylene–Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA)
EVA inosanganisa ethylene nevinyl acetate, ine kuchinjika uye kuramba kutonhora (inochengetedza kuchinjika pa -50 °C).
Hunhu: Yakapfava, haikanganisike, haina chepfu, uye haichemberi.
Mashandisirwo: Mumatambo, EVA inowanzoshandiswa semugadziri wekuchinja kuchinjika kana kuti carrier resin muLow Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH), zvichivandudza kugadzikana kwekugadzirisa uye kuchinjika kwemidziyo yekudzivirira inochengetedza nharaunda nezvinhu zvemuganda.
(2) Polyethylene ine huremu hwakanyanya (UHMWPE)
Nehuremu hwemamorekuru hunopfuura mamiriyoni 1.5, UHMWPE ipurasitiki yepamusoro-soro.
Hunhu: Inodzivirira kupfekwa zvakanyanya pakati pemapurasitiki, ine simba rekukanda rakapetwa kashanu pane ABS, inodzivirira makemikari zvakanyanya, uye ine hunyoro hushoma.
Mashandisirwo: Anoshandiswa mutambo dze optical uye tambo dzakakosha sejira rinopfekwa zvakanyanya kana kuti rinovhara zvinhu zvinosunga, zvichiwedzera kuramba kukuvara kwemuchina uye kukweshwa.
III. Mhedziso
Zvinhu zvepolyolefin hazvina halogen, hazvipfuuri utsi hwakawanda, uye hazvina chepfu kana zvapiswa. Zvinopa kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemagetsi, kwemakanika, uye kwekugadzirisa, uye mashandiro azvo anogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekubatanidza, kusanganisa, uye kubatanidza.
Nekusanganiswa kwadzo kwekuchengetedzeka, hushamwari kune nharaunda, uye kushanda kwadzo kwakavimbika, zvinhu zvepolyolefin zvave chinhu chikuru muindasitiri yemazuva ano yewaya netambo. Tichitarisa mberi, sezvo zvikamu zvakaita semotokari itsva dzemagetsi, photovoltaics, uye kutaurirana kwedata zvichiramba zvichikura, hunyanzvi mukushandiswa kwepolyolefin huchawedzera kutungamira indasitiri yetambo inoshanda zvakanyanya uye inochengetedza nguva.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-17-2025