Kuita kwezvinhu zvekuisa insulating kunokanganisa zvakananga kunaka, kugadzirisa kushanda uye chiyero chekushandiswa kwewaya netambo. Kuita kwezvinhu zvekuisa insulating kunokanganisa zvakananga kunaka, kugadzirisa kushanda uye chiyero chekushandiswa kwewaya netambo.
1.PVC polyvinyl chloride waya netambo
Polyvinyl chloride (inozozivikanwa sePVC) insulating zvinhu musanganiswa umo zvinosimbisa, plasticizers, flame retardants, lubricant nezvimwe zvinowedzera zvinowedzerwa kuPVC poda. Zvinoenderana neakasiyana mashandisirwo uye hunhu hunodiwa hwewaya netambo, iyo fomula inogadziriswa zvinoenderana. Mushure memakumi emakore ekugadzirwa uye kushandiswa, iyo yekugadzira uye kugadzirisa tekinoroji yePVC ikozvino yave yakakura kwazvo. PVC insulating material ine yakafara kwazvo maapplication mumunda wewaya netambo uye ine hunhu hwakasiyana hwayo:
A. Iyo tekinoroji yekugadzira yakakura, iri nyore kugadzira uye kugadzirisa. Kuenzaniswa nemamwe marudzi emidziyo yekuisa tambo, haina kudhura chete, asi zvakare inogona kunyatso kudzora musiyano wemuvara, gloss, kudhinda, kugadzirisa kushanda zvakanaka, kupfava uye kuoma kwewaya pamusoro, kunamatira kwe conductor, pamwe nemakanika uye emuviri zvimiro uye magetsi emagetsi ewaya pachayo.
B. Iyo ine yakanakisa murazvo inodzoreredza kuita, saka PVC insulated waya anogona kusangana nyore nemurazvo retardant mamakisi zvinotarwa nemitemo yakasiyana-siyana.
C. Panyaya yekuramba tembiricha, kuburikidza nekunatsiridza nekuvandudzwa kwemafomula emidziyo, marudzi anowanzo shandiswa ePVC insulation anonyanya kusanganisira zvikamu zvitatu zvinotevera:
Panyaya yemagetsi akayerwa, anowanzo shandiswa mumazinga emagetsi akaiswa pa1000V AC uye pazasi, uye anogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akadai semidziyo yemumba, zviridzwa nemamita, mwenje, uye netiweki kutaurirana.
PVC inewo zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinokanganisa mashandisirwo ayo:
A. Nekuda kwekuwanda kwayo kweklorini, inoburitsa Hutsi hukuru pakupisa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kutadza kufema, kukanganisa kuoneka, uye kugadzira mamwe macarcinogens neHCl gasi, zvichikonzera kukuvadza kwakakomba kune zvakatipoteredza. Nekuvandudzwa kwehutsi hwepasi zero halogen insulation material yekugadzira tekinoroji, zvishoma nezvishoma kutsiva PVC insulation yave maitiro asingadzivisike mukugadzirwa kwetambo.
B. Kuvharirwa kwePVC kwakajairwa hakuna kumira zvakanaka kumaasidhi nemaalkali, mafuta ekupisa, uye zvinonyungudutsa. Zvinoenderana nekemikari musimboti weanonyunguduka senge, waya dzePVC dzinonyanya kukuvara nekutsemuka munzvimbo yakataurwa. Nekudaro, nekuita kwayo kwakanakisa kwekugadzirisa uye mutengo wakaderera. PVC tambo dzichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yemumba, zvigadziriso zvemwenje, mishini yemagetsi, zviridzwa nemamita, kutaurirana kwetiweki, wiring yekuvaka uye mamwe minda.
2. Waya netambo dzepolyethylene dzakachinjika
Muchinjikwa-yakabatana PE (inozozivikanwa seXLPE) imhando ye polyethylene iyo inogona kushandura kubva kune mutsara molecule chimiro kusvika kune matatu-dimensional matatu-dimensional chimiro pasi pemamwe mamiriro pasi pekuita kwe-high-energy rays kana cross-linking agents. Panguva imwecheteyo, inoshandura kubva kune thermoplastic kuenda kune isinganyunguriki thermosetting plastiki.
Parizvino, mukushandiswa kwewaya uye tambo yekuvharisa, pane kunyanya nzira nhatu dzekuyambuka:
A. Peroxide cross-linking: Inosanganisira kutanga kushandisa polyethylene resin yakasanganiswa neakakodzera-cross-linking agents uye antioxidants, uyezve kuwedzera zvimwe zvikamu sezvinodiwa kugadzira cross-linkable polyethylene musanganiswa particles. Munguva ye extrusion process, cross-linking inoitika kuburikidza nemoto inopisa-inobatanidza mapaipi.
B. Silane cross-linking (inodziya mvura cross-linking) : Iyi inzirawo yemakemikari cross-linking. Nzira yaro huru ndeyekuyambuka-link organosiloxane uye polyethylene pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, a
uye dhigirii rekuyambuka-kubatanidza rinogona kusvika pamakumi matanhatu%.
C. Irradiation cross-linking: Inoshandisa magetsi emagetsi akawanda akadai seR-rays, alpha rays, uye electron rays kuti aite maatomu ecarbon mu polyethylene macromolecules uye anokonzera kuyambuka-kubatanidza. Mwaranzi ine simba repamusoro-soro inowanzoshandiswa muwaya netambo maranzi erekitironi anogadzirwa nema electron accelerators. Sezvo uku kuchinjika-kubatanidza kuchitsamira pane simba remuviri, ndezvemuviri kuyambuka-kubatanidza.
Idzi dziri pamusoro apa nhatu dzakasiyana nzira dzekuchinjisa dzine hunhu hwakasiyana uye mashandisiro:
Kuenzaniswa ne thermoplastic polyethylene (PVC), XLPE insulation ine zvinotevera zvakanakira:
A. Yakasimudzira kupisa deformation kuramba, kunatsiridza ma mechanical ehupfumi pakupisa kwepamusoro, uye yakavandudza kupikisa kwezvakatipoteredza kusagadzikana kuputsa uye kupisa kuchembera.
B. Yakagadzirisa kugadzikana kwemakemikari uye kusagadzikana kwekugadzirisa, kuderedza kutonhora kuyerera, uye kunyanya kuchengetedza kushanda kwekutanga kwemagetsi. Iyo tembiricha yekushanda kwenguva refu inogona kusvika 125 ℃ uye 150 ℃. The cross-linked polyethylene insulated waya uye tambo inonatsiridzawo kupfupika-redunhu kuramba, uye yayo pfupi tembiricha kuramba inogona kusvika At 250 ℃, nokuti waya uye netambo ukobvu zvakafanana, iyezvino-inotakura simba remuchinjikwa-yakabatanidzwa polyethylene yakakura zvikuru.
C. Iyo ine yakanakisa michina, isingapinde mumvura uye inodzivirira mwaranzi, saka inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvakadai se: waya dzemukati dzekubatanidza midziyo yemagetsi, mota inotungamira, inotungamira yekuvhenekesa, yakaderera-voltage chiratidzo chekudzora waya dzemotokari, waya dzezvitima, waya netambo dze subways, tambo dzekudzivirira kwezvakatipoteredza dzemigodhi, Marine tambo, tambo dzekuisa simba renyukireya, high-voltage waya dzeTV, high-voltage tambo uye X-RAY tambo magetsi etc.
XLPE insulated waya uye tambo zvine mabhenefiti akakosha, asi ivo vanewo zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvekuzvarwa izvo zvinodzikamisa mashandisiro avo:
A. Kushata kusingapindirani neadhesion performance. Paunenge uchigadzira nekushandisa waya kupfuura tembiricha yadzo yakayerwa, zviri nyore kuti waya dzinamatirane. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, zvinogona kutungamira mukukuvadzwa kwekudzivirira uye mapfupi maseketi.
B. Kusaita kupisa conduction kuramba. Patembiricha inopfuura 200 ℃, iyo insulation yewaya inova yakapfava zvakanyanya. Kana yaiswa kunze kwesimba rekudzvanya kana kubonderana, inokonzeresa kuita kuti waya dzidimbure nekupfupika.
C. Zvakaoma kudzora musiyano wemavara pakati pemabhechi. Matambudziko akadai sekukwenya, kuchena uye mavara akadhindwa ari kupeperetswa anowanzo kuitika panguva yekugadziriswa.
D. Iyo XLPE insulation ine tembiricha yekudzivirira giredhi ye150 ℃ haina halogen-isina zvachose uye inogona kupasa VW-1 combustion bvunzo zvinoenderana neUL1581 zviyero, ichichengetedza yakanakisa mechanical uye magetsi zvinhu. Nekudaro, kuchine mamwe mabhodhoro mukugadzira tekinoroji uye mutengo wakakwira.
3. Silicone rubber waya netambo
Iyo polymer mamorekuru esilicone rabha zvimiro zvecheni zvinoumbwa neSI-O (silicon-oxygen) zvisungo. Iyo SI-O bond ndeye 443.5KJ/MOL, iyo yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo CC bond simba (355KJ/MOL). Yakawanda silicone rabha waya uye tambo zvinogadzirwa kuburikidza nechando extrusion uye yakakwirira-tembiricha vulcanization maitiro. Pakati peakasiyana siyana ekugadzira rabha waya uye tambo, nekuda kweyakasarudzika mamorekuru chimiro, silicone rabha ine mashandiro epamusoro kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe akajairwa marabha.
A. Yakapfava zvakanyanya, ine elasticity yakanaka, haina hwema uye haina chepfu, uye haityi tembiricha yakakwira uye inogona kumira kutonhora kwakanyanya. Kushanda tembiricha siyana kubva -90 kusvika 300 ℃. Silicone rabha ine zvirinani kupisa kupisa pane yakajairwa rabha. Inogona kushandiswa nguva dzose pa200 ℃ uye kwenguva yakati pa350 ℃.
B. Yakanakisa kuramba mamiriro ekunze. Kunyangwe mushure mekugara kwenguva refu kune ultraviolet rays uye mamwe mamiriro ekunze, maitiro ayo emuviri akangoita shanduko diki.
C. Silicone rubber ine yakakwirira kwazvo resistivity uye kushorwa kwayo kunoramba kwakagadzikana pamusoro pehupamhi hwekushisa uye frequencies.
Zvichakadaro, silicone rabha ine yakanakisa kuramba kune yakakwira-voltage corona discharge uye arc discharge. Silicone rabha insulated waya uye tambo zvine akateedzana ari pamusoro pezvakanakira uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu-high-voltage mudziyo waya dzeterevhizheni, high-tembiricha inodzivirira waya yevheni yemicrowave, waya dzekubikira induction, waya dzekofi POTS, inotungamira mwenje, UV midziyo, halogen mwenje, yemukati yekubatanidza waya uye mafeni madiki eimba, kunyanya mawaya emumba.
Nekudaro, zvimwe zvekukanganisa kwayo zvakare zvinodzikamisa kushandiswa kwayo kwakakura. Semuyenzaniso:
A. Kusada kubvarura. Munguva yekugadzira kana kushandiswa, inowanzoitika kukuvadza nekuda kwekunze kwesimba kusvina, kukwenya uye kugaya, izvo zvinogona kukonzera pfupi pfupi. Ikozvino chiyero chekudzivirira ndechekuwedzera jira regirazi fiber kana yakakwirira-tembiricha polyester fiber yakarukwa kunze kwesilicone insulation. Zvisinei, panguva yekugadzirisa, zvichiri kudiwa kuti udzivise kukuvara kunokonzerwa nekunze kwesimba kusvina zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
B. Iyo vulcanizing agent parizvino inonyanya kushandiswa mukuumba vulcanization ine mbiri, mbiri, ina. Iyi vulcanizing agent ine chlorine. Yakazara halogen-isina vulcanizing agents (senge platinum vulcanizing) ine zvakaomesesa zvinodikanwa zvekushisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvinodhura. Nokudaro, kana uchigadzira tambo harnesses, zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa: kudzvanywa kwevhiri rekumanikidza hakufanirwe kunge kwakanyanya. Zvakanakisa kushandisa rubber zvinhu kudzivirira kutsemuka panguva yekugadzira, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune kushomeka kuramba.
4. Cross-linked ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber (XLEPDM) waya
Cross-linked ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber is terpolymer ye ethylene, propylene uye isina-conjugated diene, iyo inobatanidzwa kuburikidza nemakemikari kana irradiation nzira. Muchinjikwa-yakabatana EPDM rubber insulated waya inosanganisa zvakanakira ese ari maviri polyolefin insulated waya uye yakajairwa rabha insulated waya:
A. Yakapfava, inochinjika, elastic, isinganamire pakupisa kwepamusoro, kuramba kuchembera kwenguva refu, uye inoshingirira kumamiriro ekunze akaoma (-60 kusvika 125 ℃).
B. Ozone kuramba, UV kuramba, magetsi insulation kuramba, uye kemikari corrosion resistance.
C. Mafuta uye zvinonyungudutsa zvinokwanisa kufananidzwa neyakajairwa-chinangwa chloroprene rubber insulation. Iyo inogadziriswa neyakajairika inopisa extrusion michina uye irradiation cross-linking inogamuchirwa, iri nyore kugadzirisa uye yakaderera mumutengo. Cross-yakabatana ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber insulated waya dzine zvakawanda zvataurwa pamusoro apa zvakanaka uye dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda senge firiji compressor inotungamira, isingapinde mvura mota inotungamira, inotungamira inoshandura, tambo dzenhare mumigodhi, kuchera, mota, zvishandiso zvekurapa, ngarava, uye appliance yemukati wiring yemagetsi.
Izvo zvakanyanya kuipa kwe XLEPDM waya ndezvi:
A. Kufanana newaya dzeXLPE nePVC, ine kusatoda kubvarura.
B. Kusakwana kunamatira uye kuzvidzora kunokanganisa kunotevera processability.
5. Fluoroplastic waya netambo
Zvichienzaniswa neakajairika polyethylene uye polyvinyl chloride tambo, fluoroplastic tambo dzine zvinotevera zvinozivikanwa maficha:
A. High-temperature resistant fluoroplastics ane kugadzikana kwekushisa kunoshamisa, zvichiita kuti tambo dzefluoroplastic dzienderane nemhoteredzo yekupisa kwepamusoro kubva pa150 kusvika 250 degrees Celsius. Pasi pemamiriro emakondukita ane imwechete-sectional nzvimbo, fluoroplastic tambo dzinogona kufambisa yakakura inotenderwa ikozvino, nekudaro ichiwedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwekushandisa kwemhando iyi yewaya yakavharirwa. Nekuda kweichi chivakwa chakasarudzika, tambo dzefluoroplastic dzinowanzo shandiswa kune yemukati waya uye waya yekutungamirira mundege, ngarava, mavira ekupisa, uye midziyo yemagetsi.
B. Good flame retardancy: Fluoroplastics ine high oxygen index, uye kana inopisa, murazvo wekupararira kwemurazvo idiki, zvichiita kuti utsi hushoma. Waya yakagadzirwa kubva pairi yakakodzera maturusi uye nzvimbo dzine zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekuremara kwemoto. Semuenzaniso: macomputer network, subways, mota, zvivakwa zvepamusoro uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, nezvimwewo. Kana moto watanga, vanhu vanogona kuwana nguva yekubuda vasina kudonhedzwa nehutsi hwakakora, nokudaro vachiwana nguva yakakosha yekununura.
C. Kushanda kwemagetsi kwakanakisisa: Kuenzaniswa ne polyethylene, fluoroplastics ine dielectric yakaderera nguva dzose. Naizvozvo, kana zvichienzaniswa nekoaxial tambo dzezvimiro zvakafanana, tambo dzefluoroplastic dzine zvishoma attenuation uye dzakanyanya kukodzera kune yakakwirira-frequency chiratidzo chekufambisa. Mazuva ano, kuwanda kuri kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwetambo kwave kuita. Zvichakadaro, nekuda kwekupikiswa kwepamusoro-tembiricha yefluoroplastics, inowanzoshandiswa senge wiring yemukati yekutapurirana nemidziyo yekutaurirana, jumpers pakati peaya isina waya yekudyisa mafeed uye transmitters, uye vhidhiyo uye odhiyo tambo. Mukuwedzera, tambo dzefluoroplastic dzine simba rakanaka re dielectric uye kudzivirira kudzivirira, zvichiita kuti dzive dzakakodzera kushandiswa sekudzora tambo dzezviridzwa zvakakosha nemamita.
D. Perfect mechanical and chemical properties: Fluoroplastics ine high chemical bond energy, kugadzikana kwepamusoro, inenge isingakanganisike nekuchinja kwekushisa, uye ine yakanakisa yemamiriro ekunze kuchembera uye simba remuchina. Uye haina kukanganiswa neakasiyana acids, alkalis uye organic solvents. Naizvozvo, inokodzera nharaunda dzine shanduko huru yemamiriro ekunze uye nekuora kwemamiriro ekunze, senge petrochemicals, kuchenesa oiri, uye kudzora tsime remafuta.
E. Inofambisa kubatanidza welding Muzviridzwa zvemagetsi, zvakawanda zvinongedzo zvinogadzirwa newelding. Nekuda kwekudzika kunyungudika kwemapurasitiki akajairwa, anowanzo kunyungudika zviri nyore pakupisa kwakanyanya, zvinoda hunyanzvi hwekuita welding. Uyezve, mamwe mapoinzi e weld anoda imwe nguva yewelding nguva, chiri zvakare chikonzero nei fluoroplastic tambo dzakakurumbira. Zvakadai seyemukati wiring yemidziyo yekutaurirana uye zviridzwa zvemagetsi.
Ehe, fluoroplastics ichine zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinodzikamisa kushandiswa kwavo:
A. Mutengo wezvigadzirwa wakakwira. Parizvino, kugadzirwa kwemumba kuchiri kunyanya kutsamira pazvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika (Daikin yekuJapan neDuPont yekuUnited States). Kunyange zvazvo fluoroplastics yemumba yakakurumidza kukura mumakore achangopfuura, marudzi ekugadzira achiri ega. Kuenzaniswa nezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, kuchine Imwe gap mukudzikama kwekupisa uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakakwana zvezvinhu.
B. Zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvinhu zvinodzivirira, nzira yekugadzira inonyanya kuoma, kushanda kwekugadzira kwakaderera, mavara akadhindwa anowanzodonha, uye kurasikirwa kukuru, izvo zvinoita kuti mari yekugadzira iwedzere.
Mukupedzisa, kushandiswa kwemarudzi ese ataurwa pamusoro apa ekudzivirira zvinhu, kunyanya-tembiricha yakakosha yekudzivirira zvinhu zvine tembiricha inodzivirira inopfuura 105 ℃, ichiri munguva yekuchinja muChina. Ingave iri kugadzirwa kwewaya kana wire harness processing, hapana chete maitiro akakura, asiwo maitiro ekunzwisisa zvine musoro zvakanakira uye nekuipa kwerudzi urwu rwewaya.
Nguva yekutumira: May-27-2025