Kushanda kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa kunokanganisa zvakananga kunaka, kushanda zvakanaka kwewaya netambo. Kushanda kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa kunokanganisa zvakananga kunaka, kushanda zvakanaka kwewaya netambo.
1. Waya dzePVC polyvinyl chloride netambo
Polyvinyl chloride (ichazonziPVC) zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa imusanganiswa umo zvinosimbisa kupisa, mapurasitiki, zvinodzora moto, mafuta nezvimwe zvinowedzera zvinowedzerwa kuhupfu hwePVC. Zvichienderana nemashandisirwo akasiyana uye zvinodiwa zvewaya netambo, fomura yacho inogadziriswa zvinoenderana. Mushure memakumi emakore ekugadzirwa nekushandiswa, tekinoroji yekugadzira nekugadzirisa yePVC ikozvino yakura zvikuru. Zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa zvePVC zvine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana mumunda wewaya netambo uye zvine hunhu hwakasiyana hwazvo:
A. Tekinoroji yekugadzira yakagadzirwa kare, iri nyore kugadzira nekugadzirisa. Kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhando dzezvinhu zvinodzivirira tambo, haina kudhura zvakanyanya chete, asi inogonawo kudzora musiyano wemavara, kupenya, kudhinda, kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzirisa, kupfava uye kuoma kwewaya pamusoro, kunamira kwemuchina wekufambisa, pamwe chete nehunyanzvi hwemakanika uye hwepanyama uye hunhu hwemagetsi hwewaya pachayo.
B. Ine mashandiro akanaka kwazvo ekudzivirira moto, saka waya dzePVC dzakadzivirirwa dzinogona kusangana zviri nyore nemazinga ekudzivirira moto anotarisirwa nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana.
C. Panyaya yekudzivirira kupisa, kuburikidza nekugadzirisa uye kuvandudza mafomura ezvinhu, mhando dzePVC insulation dzinoshandiswa pari zvino dzinosanganisira zvikamu zvitatu zvinotevera:
Kana tichitaura nezve voltage yakayerwa, inowanzo shandiswa mu voltage yakayerwa pa 1000V AC zvichidzika, uye inogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akadai semidziyo yemumba, zvishandiso nemamita, mwenje, uye kutaurirana ne network.
PVC ine zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvayo zvinoderedza kushandiswa kwayo:
A. Nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwe chlorine yakawanda, inoburitsa utsi hwakawanda kana ichitsva, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kudzipwa, kukanganisa kuona, uye kugadzira zvimwe zvinokonzera kenza uye gasi reHCl, zvichikonzera kukuvadza kukuru kunharaunda. Nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekugadzira zvinhu zvekudzivirira utsi zvishoma, kutsiva PVC zvishoma nezvishoma kwave tsika isingadzivisike mukugadzirwa kwetambo.
B. Kudzivirira kwePVC kwakajairika hakune simba rekudzivirira maasidhi nealkali, mafuta ekupisa, uye zvinonyungudutsa zve organic. Zvichienderana nepfungwa yemakemikari yekuti yakafanana neinonyunguduka yakafanana, waya dzePVC dzinowanzo kuvadzwa nekutsemuka munzvimbo chaiyo yataurwa. Zvisinei, nekushanda kwayo kwakanaka kwekugadzirisa uye mutengo wakaderera. Tambo dzePVC dzichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yemumba, magetsi, michina yemakanika, zvishandiso nemamita, kutaurirana ne network, waya dzekuvaka nedzimwe nzvimbo.
2. Waya netambo dzepolyethylene dzakabatana
PE yakabatana neCross-linked (ichazonziXLPE) imhando yepolyethylene inogona kushanduka kubva pachimiro chemorekuru chakaita semutsetse kuenda pachimiro chetatu-dimensional three-dimensional pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu pasi pekushanda kwemwaranzi ine simba rakawanda kana ma cross-linking agents. Panguva imwe chete, inoshanduka kubva pa thermoplastic kuenda papurasitiki isingasvikike yethermosetting.
Parizvino, mukushandiswa kwewaya netambo yekuputira, pane nzira nhatu dzinonyanya kushandiswa pakuputira:
A. Kubatanidza peroxide: Zvinosanganisira kutanga kushandisa polyethylene resin pamwe chete nezvinhu zvakakodzera zvinobatanidza muchinjikwa uye ma antioxidants, uye wobva wawedzera zvimwe zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti ugadzire zvidimbu zvemusanganiswa we polyethylene zvinobatanidza muchinjikwa. Munguva yekubuda kwemvura, kubatana kunoitika kuburikidza nemapombi anopisa anosanganisa rwizi.
B. Silane cross-linking (mvura inodziya cross-linking): Iyi inzira yekubatanidza makemikari. Nzira yayo huru ndeyekubatanidza organosiloxane nepolyethylene pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, a
uye mwero wekubatanidza cross-linking unogona kusvika pa60%.
C. Kubatanidza mativi emagetsi: Inoshandisa mwaranzi ine simba guru senge ma-R-ray, alpha rays, uye maerekitironi kuti iite kuti maatomu ekabhoni ari mumapuroteni epolyethylene ashande pamwe chete uye inokonzera kubatana. Mwaranzi ine simba guru inowanzoshandiswa muwaya netambo imwaranzi yemaerekitironi inogadzirwa nemagetsi anomhanyisa maerekitironi. Sezvo kubatana uku kuchishandiswa nesimba remuviri, ndiko kunobatanidza mativi emuviri.
Nzira nhatu dzakasiyana dzekubatanidza crosslinking dziri pamusoro apa dzine hunhu hwakasiyana uye mashandisirwo akasiyana:
Kana tichienzanisa nethermoplastic polyethylene (PVC), XLPE insulation ine zvakanakira zvinotevera:
A. Yakavandudza kusimbaradzwa kwekupisa, yakavandudza hunhu hwemakanika pakupisa kwakanyanya, uye yakavandudza kusimbaradzwa kwekupwanyika kwekumanikidzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kukwegura kwekupisa.
B. Yakavandudza kugadzikana kwemakemikari uye kuramba kunyungudutsa, yakaderedza kuyerera kwemvura inotonhora, uye yakachengetedza mashandiro emagetsi ekutanga. Tembiricha yekushanda kwenguva refu inogona kusvika 125℃ ne150℃. Waya netambo yepolyethylene yakabatana nepakati uye yakavharwa nepakati inovandudzawo kuramba kupfupika kwemhepo, uye kuramba kwayo kupisa kwenguva pfupi kunogona kusvika Pa250℃, kune waya netambo dzine ukobvu hwakafanana, kugona kwekutakura magetsi kwepolyethylene yakabatana nepakati kwakakura zvikuru.
C. Ine hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika, husingapindi mvura uye hunodzivirira mwaranzi, saka inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakasiyana-siyana. Zvakadai se: waya dzekubatanidza dzemidziyo yemagetsi, tambo dzemotokari, tambo dzemwenje, tambo dzekudzora masaini emagetsi mashoma emotokari, tambo dzemotokari, tambo dzechitima, tambo dzechitima, tambo dzepasi pevhu, tambo dzekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza dzemigodhi, tambo dzegungwa, tambo dzekuisa simba renyukireya, tambo dzeTV, tambo dzemagetsi emagetsi eX-RAY, uye tambo dzemagetsi dzinotumira simba, nezvimwewo.
Waya netambo dzeXLPE dzakaputirwa dzine zvakanakira zvikuru, asi dzinewo zvimwe zvadzinotadza zvinodzitadzisa kushandiswa kwadzo:
A. Kubata kwakashata kunodzivirira kupisa. Pakugadzirisa nekushandisa waya dzinopfuura tembiricha yadzo yakatarwa, zviri nyore kuti waya dzibatane. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwekudzivirira kupisa uye ma "short circuits".
B. Kusakwanisa kupinza kupisa zvakanaka. Pakupisa kunodarika 200℃, kuvharira waya kunonyorova zvikuru. Kana ikamanikidzwa kana kurovera, inogona kukonzera kuti waya dzicheke uye dziite short circuit.
C. Zvakaoma kudzora musiyano wemavara pakati pemabatch. Matambudziko akadai sekukwenya, kuchena uye mavara akadhindwa anobviswa anogona kuitika panguva yekugadzirisa.
D. Kudzivirira kweXLPE kune giredhi rekudzivirira tembiricha ye150℃ hakuna halogen zvachose uye kunogona kupasa bvunzo yekupisa yeVW-1 zvichienderana nemazinga eUL1581, ukuwo kuchichengetedza hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika nemagetsi. Zvisinei, kuchine zvimwe zvipingamupinyi muhunyanzvi hwekugadzira uye mutengo wacho wakakwira.
3. Waya netambo dzerabha dzesilicone
Mamorekuru epolymer erabha resilicone imhando dzecheni dzakagadzirwa neSI-O (silicon-oxygen) bonds. Chisungo cheSI-O i443.5KJ/MOL, icho chakakwira zvikuru kupfuura simba reCC bond (355KJ/MOL). Waya dzakawanda dzerabha resilicone netambo dzinogadzirwa kuburikidza nekudzikisa kutonhora uye kushandura kupisa kwakanyanya. Pakati pewaya dzakasiyana-siyana dzerabha dzekugadzira netambo, nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakasiyana chemorecular, rabha resilicone rine mashandiro akanaka kupfuura mamwe marabha akajairwa.
A. Rakapfava zvikuru, rine kutwasuka kwakanaka, harinhuwi uye harina chepfu, uye harityi kupisa kwakanyanya uye rinogona kutsungirira kutonhora kwakanyanya. Tembiricha yekushanda iri pakati pe -90 kusvika 300℃. Rabha reSilicone rinodzivirira kupisa zviri nani kupfuura rabha yakajairika. Rinogona kushandiswa nguva dzose pa200℃ uye kwenguva yakati rebei pa350℃.
B. Kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze kwakanaka. Kunyangwe mushure mekusangana kwenguva refu nemwaranzi ye ultraviolet nemamwe mamiriro ekunze, hunhu hwayo hwepanyama hwakangochinja zvishoma.
C. Rabha reSilicone rine simba guru rekudzivirira kupisa uye kuramba kwaro kunoramba kwakasimba pakupisa kwakasiyana-siyana uye mafrequency akasiyana-siyana.
Panguva iyi, rabha resilicone rinodzivirira zvakanyanya kubuda kwe corona ne arc discharge. Waya netambo dze silicone rabha dzakaputirwa dzine zvakanakira zvataurwa pamusoro apa uye dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muwaya dzemagetsi ane voltage yakawanda dzeterevhizheni, waya dzinodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya dzemaovheni ema microwave, waya dze induction cookers, waya dzekofi POTS, leads dzemarambi, UV equipment, halogen lamps, internal connection wards dzemaovheni nemafeni, kunyanya mumunda wemidziyo midiki yemumba.
Zvisinei, zvimwe zvezvikanganiso zvayo zvinoderedzawo kushandiswa kwayo zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso:
A. Kusasimba kwekubvaruka. Panguva yekugadzirisa kana kushandisa, inogona kukuvara nekuda kwekudzvanywa, kukwenywa uye kukuyiwa kwesimba rekunze, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kupfupika kwemhepo. Chidziviriro chiripo parizvino ndechekuwedzera jira regirazi kana polyester fiber yakarukwa kunze kwesilicone insulation. Zvisinei, panguva yekugadzirisa, zvichiri kudikanwa kudzivirira kukuvara kunokonzerwa nekudzvanywa kwesimba rekunze zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
B. Mushonga we vulcanizing unoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakugadzira vulcanization unowanikwa kaviri, kaviri, kana kane. Mushonga uyu une chlorine. Mushonga we vulcanizing usina halogen zvachose (wakadai se platinum vulcanizing) une zvinodiwa zvakasimba pakupisa kwenzvimbo yekugadzira uye unodhura. Saka, pakugadzira waya dzesimbi, zvinhu zvinotevera zvinofanira kucherechedzwa: kumanikidzwa kwevhiri rekumanikidza hakufanirwe kunge kwakanyanya. Zvakanakisa kushandisa rabha kudzivirira kupwanyika panguva yekugadzira, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kusasimba kwekumanikidzwa.
4. Waya yerabha yemhando ye ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) (XLEPDM) ine muchinjikwa
Rabha yeEthylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) ine cross-linked ethylene propylene ne non-conjugated diene, iyo inosanganiswa ne cross-linked kuburikidza ne chemicals kana irradiation. Rabha yeEPDM ine cross-linked inosanganisa zvakanakira waya yepolyolefin insulated newaya yakajairika yerabha insulated:
A. Yakapfava, inochinjika, inonamira, hainamatiri kana tembiricha yakakwira, haikurumidzi kukwegura kwenguva refu, uye haikwikwidzi nemamiriro ekunze akaoma (-60 kusvika 125℃).
B. Kudzivirira ozone, Kudzivirira UV, Kudzivirira kuputira kwemagetsi, uye Kudzivirira ngura yemakemikari.
C. Kudzivirira mafuta nekunyungudutsa kwakafanana nekushandiswa kwe chloroprene rabber insulation inoshandiswa pabasa rese. Inogadziriswa nemidziyo yekupisa inopisa uye irradiation inoshandiswa, iyo iri nyore kugadzirisa uye inodhura zvishoma. Waya dzerabha dzakaputirwa ne cross-linked ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) dzine mabhenefiti akawanda ataurwa pamusoro apa uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakadai se refrigeration compressor leads, waterproof motor leads, transformer leads, mobile cables mumigodhi, drilling, mota, medical devices, ships, uye general internal wiring yemidziyo yemagetsi.
Zvinhu zvikuru zvisina kunaka zvewaya dzeXEPDM ndeizvi:
A. Kufanana newaya dzeXLPE nePVC, haina simba rekudzivirira kubvaruka.
B. Kusabatana zvakanaka uye kuzvinamira kunokanganisa kugona kwekugadzirisa zvinhu zvinotevera.
5. Waya dzepurasitiki netambo dzeFluoroplastic
Kana tichienzanisa netambo dzepolyethylene nepolyvinyl chloride, tambo dzefluoroplastic dzine zvinhu zvinotevera:
A. Mapurasitiki efluoroplastic anodzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya ane kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwekupisa, zvichiita kuti tambo dzefluoroplastic dzikwanise kuchinjika kunzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya kubva pa150 kusvika 250 degrees Celsius. Pasi pemamiriro evatyairi vane nzvimbo imwechete yepakati, tambo dzefluoroplastic dzinogona kutumira magetsi akawanda anobvumidzwa, nokudaro zvichiwedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwekushandiswa kwerudzi urwu rwewaya inonyungudutswa. Nekuda kwehunhu uhwu hwakasiyana, tambo dzefluoroplastic dzinowanzo shandiswa pawaya dzemukati netambo dzelead mundege, ngarava, maovheni anodziya zvakanyanya, uye michina yemagetsi.
B. Kudzivirira moto zvakanaka: Mapurasitiki eFluoroplastic ane oxygen yakakwira, uye kana achitsva, huremu hwekupararira kwemoto hushoma, zvichikonzera utsi hushoma. Waya yakagadzirwa nayo yakakodzera maturusi nenzvimbo dzine zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekudzivirira moto. Semuenzaniso: network dzemakombiyuta, subways, mota, zvivakwa zvirefu nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, nezvimwewo. Kana moto wangotanga, vanhu vanogona kuva nenguva yekubva vasina kudonhedzwa neutsi hwakawanda, nokudaro vachiwana nguva inokosha yekununura.
C. Kushanda zvakanaka kwemagetsi: Kana tichienzanisa ne polyethylene, fluoroplastics dzine dielectric constant yakaderera. Saka, kana tichienzanisa ne coaxial cables dzine structure dzakafanana, fluoroplastic cables hadzina attenuation yakawanda uye dzakakodzera ku high-frequency signal transmission. Mazuva ano, kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwetambo kwave tsika. Panguva iyi, nekuda kwe high tembiricha resistance ye fluoroplastics, dzinowanzo shandiswa se internal wiring ye transmission necommunication equipment, jumpers pakati pe wireless transmission feeders ne transmitters, uye video ne audio cables. Pamusoro pezvo, fluoroplastic cables dzine dielectric strength yakanaka uye insulation resistance, zvichiita kuti dzikwanise kushandiswa se control cables dzemidziyo inokosha nemameters.
D. Hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika nemakemikari: Mafluoroplastic ane simba guru rekubatanidza makemikari, kugadzikana kwakanyanya, haanyanyi kukanganiswa nekuchinja kwekushisa, uye ane simba rakanaka rekudzivirira kukwegura kwemamiriro ekunze uye simba remakanika. Uye haanyanyi kukanganiswa nemaacid akasiyana-siyana, alkalis uye organic solvents. Saka, yakakodzera munzvimbo dzine shanduko huru dzemamiriro ekunze nemamiriro ekuora, akadai se petrochemicals, kunatswa kwemafuta, uye kudzora zvishandiso zvemafuta.
E. Inobatsira pakusunga machira ekubatanidza. Muzvishandiso zvemagetsi, zvibatiso zvakawanda zvinogadzirwa nekusunga machira. Nekuda kwenzvimbo yakaderera yekunyunguduka kwemapurasitiki, anowanzo kunyunguduka nyore nyore pakupisa kwakanyanya, zvichida hunyanzvi hwekusunga machira. Uyezve, mamwe machira ekubatanidza anoda nguva yakati yekubatanidza, ndiyo zvakare chikonzero nei tambo dze fluoroplastic dzichifarirwa. Zvakadai sekubatanidza mawaya emukati mezvishandiso zvekutaurirana nezvishandiso zvemagetsi.
Ehe, fluoroplastics ichiri nedambudziko rayo rinodzikisira kushandiswa kwayo:
A. Mutengo wezvinhu zvakagadzirwa wakakwira. Parizvino, kugadzirwa kwemuno kuchiri kunyanya kutsamira pakutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika (Daikin yeJapan neDuPont yeUnited States). Kunyangwe fluoroplastics yemuno yakawedzera nekukurumidza mumakore achangopfuura, mhando dzekugadzirwa dzichiri imwe chete. Zvichienzaniswa nezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, kuchine mukaha wakati mukugadzikana kwekupisa uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakakwana zvezvinhu.
B. Zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa, maitiro ekugadzira akaoma, kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira kwakaderera, mavara akadhindwa anogona kudonha, uye kurasikirwa kwacho kwakakura, izvo zvinoita kuti mutengo wekugadzira uve wakakwira.
Mukupedzisa, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvese zvataurwa pamusoro apa zvekudzivirira kupisa, kunyanya zvinhu zvekudzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya zvine simba rekupisa rinodarika 105℃, zvichiri munguva yekuchinja muChina. Ingave iri kugadzirwa kwewaya kana kugadziriswa kwewaya, hapana chete nzira yakakura, asiwo nzira yekunzwisisa zvakanakira nekuipira kwewaya iyi.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-27-2025